Category Archives: STEC

USA – Outbreak Investigation of E. coli – Leafy Greens (December 2020) – CDC declares outbreak over, FDA investigation ongoing

Posted on December 23, 2020 by | Leave a comment

FDA

The FDA, along with CDC and state and local partners, investigated a multistate outbreak of E. coli O157:H7 infections in the fall of 2020. The epidemiology and traceback investigation have determined that the outbreak was linked to leafy greens. The epidemiological and traceback investigations were not able to determine a specific type of leafy green linked to illnesses. On 12/22/2020, the CDC announced that this outbreak appears to be over. This outbreak, announced by FDA and CDC on October 28, 2020, was caused by a strain of E. coli that is genetically related to a strain linked to the fall 2019 romaine outbreak.

The FDA completed a traceback investigation of multiple types of leafy greens identified in patient interviews. Although no single ranch was identified as a common source of the leafy greens, FDA and state partners also conducted on-site investigations on farms of interest. 

Teams were deployed to dozens of ranches in the region to conduct large scale environmental sampling. Additionally, no Shiga toxin-producing E. coli were found on leafy greens. 

At this time, FDA’s investigational activities, including sample analysis are ongoing. A detailed report of FDA’s findings in the investigation will be released in early 2021, following the conclusion of investigational activities.

Recommendation

CDC has declared this outbreak to be over. There is no recommendation for consumers, retailers, or suppliers.

Case Count Map Provided by CDC

Outbreak Investigation of of E. coli in Leafy Greens (December 2020) - Case Count Map from CDC 12/22/2020

Case Counts

Total Illnesses: 40
Hospitalizations: 20 (4 Cases HUS)
Deaths: 0
Last Illness Onset Date: October 31, 2020
States with Cases: AZ (2), CA (6), IL (2), IN (1), KS (4), MI (3), MN (2), MO (3), ND (4), OH (1), OR (1), PA (2), TN (2), TX (1), UT (1), VA (1), WA (1), WI (2), WY (1)
*States with confirmed distribution; product could have been distributed further

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Posted in E.coli, E.coli O157, E.coli O157:H7, food bourne outbreak, food contamination, Food Hygiene, Food Illness, Food Inspections, Food Micro Blog, Food Microbiology, Food Microbiology Blog, Food Microbiology Testing, Food Pathogen, Food Poisoning, food recall, Food Safety, Food Safety Alert, Food Testing, Food Toxin, foodborne outbreak, foodbourne outbreak, outbreak, STEC, STEC E.coli, Uncategorized

Research – Special Issue: Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli

Posted on December 22, 2020 by | Leave a comment

MDPI

Globally, Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) is an important cause of diarrheal disease, most notably hemorrhagic colitis, and post-diarrheal sequela, such as hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS) [1]. Cattle are a major reservoir of STEC, with approximately half of the cases in humans attributable to foodborne exposure [2]. Prevention of human illness has mainly been through food safety measures [2]. Despite extensive research, no other generally accepted and effective preventive measures or therapies for STEC infections in human patients are available [3]. Many questions remain about STEC virulence factors, pathogenesis, detection, and other aspects that necessitate a continuation of basic and applied research on a wide front. This Special Issue includes 14 papers (nine articles, two communications, one review, one comment, and one reply) that collectively provide novel information on the epidemiology [4,5,6,7], virulence factors [7,8,9,10], and pathogenesis [11,12,13] of STEC, and the molecular structure or toxicity [14,15,16] and immunodetection [17] of Shiga toxin.

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Posted in Bacteria, bacterial contamination, E.coli, food contamination, Food Hygiene, Food Inspections, Food Microbiology Research, Food Pathogen, Food Poisoning, Food Safety, Food Testing, Food Toxin, Pathogen, pathogenic, STEC, STEC E.coli

USA – Outbreak Investigation of E. coli O157:H7: Unknown Food (Fall 2020)

Posted on December 21, 2020 by | Leave a comment

FDA

The FDA and CDC, in collaboration with state and local partners, have completed the investigation on two of three multistate outbreak of E. coli O157:H7 infections in the U.S. this fall.

One of these investigations, Outbreak Unknown Source 3, identified 18 reported illnesses in nine states: California, Colorado, Illinois, Michigan, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Virginia, Washington.

FDA completed a traceback investigation of several potential food vehicles identified in patient interviews and although no single farm was identified as a common source of the outbreak, FDA and state partners also conducted on-site investigations on farms of interest. However, information and samples collected in these inspections did not link these farms to the outbreak. The investigation of a farm does not mean that the farm is linked to an outbreak. The results of an investigation into a farm may well lead to that firm being ruled out of the investigation. On 12/18/2020, the CDC announced that this outbreak had ended.

The other completed outbreak investigation, Outbreak Unknown Source 1, identified 32 reported illnesses in 12 states: California, Illinois, Louisiana, Maryland, Michigan, Montana, New Jersey, Ohio, Utah, Virginia, Washington, Wisconsin. This strain of E. coli is genetically similar to a strain linked to a romaine outbreak that occurred in the spring of 2018, though a food was not linked to the current outbreak. FDA completed a traceback investigation and was unable to determine a common source of the outbreak. FDA and state partners also conducted on-site inspections on farms of interest, though information collected in these inspections did not link these farms to the outbreak. On 12/18/2020, the CDC announced that this outbreak had ended.

Investigations of a third E. coli outbreak of Unknown Source 2 continue.

Recommendation

Consumers, restaurants, and retailers, were advised not to eat, sell, or serve recalled Tanimura & Antle, Inc. brand packaged single head romaine lettuce with a pack date of 10/15/2020 or 10/16/2020.

The recalled products are now well beyond expiration and likely no longer on the market or in consumers’ homes.

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Posted in E.coli, E.coli O157, E.coli O157:H7, FDA, food bourne outbreak, food contamination, food death, Food Hygiene, Food Illness, Food Inspections, Food Micro Blog, Food Microbiology, Food Microbiology Blog, Food Microbiology Testing, Food Pathogen, Food Poisoning, Food Poisoning Death, Food Safety, Food Testing, Food Toxin, foodborne outbreak, foodbourne outbreak, outbreak, Poisoning, STEC, STEC E.coli

RASFF Alerts – STEC E.coli – O26 – O103 – Chilled Beef – Cow Carcasses

Posted on December 18, 2020 by | Leave a comment

European Food Alerts

RASFF

shigatoxin-producing Escherichia coli (stx1+, stx2+, eae+, O26) in chilled beef from Belgium in Belgium

RASFF

shigatoxin-producing Escherichia coli (stx+; eae+, O103) in cow carcasses from Belgium in Belgium

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Posted in Bacteria, bacterial contamination, E.coli O103, E.coli O26, food contamination, Food Hygiene, Food Inspections, Food Micro Blog, Food Microbiology, Food Microbiology Blog, Food Microbiology Testing, Food Pathogen, Food Poisoning, food recall, Food Safety, Food Safety Alert, Food Testing, Food Toxin, O103, RASFF, STEC, STEC E.coli

Research – Consumer knowledge and behaviors regarding food safety risks associated with wheat flour

Posted on December 6, 2020 by | Leave a comment

Journal of Food Protection

Consumers do not consider flour, a low-moisture food product, a high-risk for microbial contamination. In the past ten years, however, flour has been identified as a source of pathogenic bacteria, including Salmonella and E. coli . Online surveys were conducted to study consumers’ flour-handling practices and their knowledge about food safety risks related to flour. The survey also evaluated message impact on three food safety messages in communicating information and convincing consumers to adopt safe flour handling practices. Flour-using consumers (n = 1,045) from the United States reported they used flour to make cakes, cookies, and bread. Most consumers stored flour in sealed containers. Less than 1% kept a record of product identification numbers, like lot numbers, and less than 11% kept brand and use-by-date information. Many consumers (85%) were unaware of flour recalls, or outbreaks, and few (17%) believed they would be affected by flour recalls or outbreaks. If the recall affected the flour they bought, nearly half of the consumers (47%) would buy the same product from a different brand for a few months before they returned to the recalled brand. Among consumers who use flour to bake, 66% said they ate raw cookie dough or batter. Raw dough “eaters” were more difficult to convince to avoid eating and playing raw flour than “non-eaters.” Food safety messages were less impactful on those raw dough “eaters” than “non-eaters.” Compared with the food safety message with only recommendations, those messages with recommendations and an explanation as to the benefits of the practice were more effective in convincing consumers to change their practices. These findings provide insight into effective consumer education about safe flour-handling practices and could assist in the accurate development of risk assessment models related to flour handling.

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Posted in Bacteria, bacterial contamination, E.coli, Food Micro Blog, Food Microbiology, Food Microbiology Blog, Food Microbiology Research, Food Microbiology Testing, Microbiological Risk Assessment, Microbiology, Research, Salmonella, STEC, STEC E.coli

Germany – German authorities investigate E. coli infections involving daycare centers

Posted on December 2, 2020 by | Leave a comment

Food Safety News

More than 20 E. coli infections are being investigated in a German municipality.

Four day care centers in the Lützow-Lübstorf district are affected by the outbreak of E. coli O26. Lützow-Lübstorf is in Nordwestmecklenburg, in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany.

Enterohaemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) are often referred to as Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC).

Authorities initially reported 18 patients but that had risen to 25 by the end of this past week. They warned further testing is ongoing so more cases are expected. Those sick include children and their relatives as well as a couple of day care center employees.

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Posted in Bacteria, bacterial contamination, Bacterial Infections, Bacterial Toxin, E.coli O26, EHEC, food contamination, Food Micro Blog, Food Microbiology Blog, Food Microbiology Testing, STEC, STEC E.coli

Research – Preharvest Treatment Improves Tomato Food Safety

Posted on December 1, 2020 by | Leave a comment

Technology Networks

cherry-tomato-pristine-variety

When vegetable farmers harvest crops, they often rely on postharvest washing to reduce any foodborne pathogens, but a new University of Georgia study shows promise in reducing these pathogens — as well as lowering labor costs — by applying sanitizers to produce while it is still in the fields.

Salmonella, Shiga toxin-producing E. coli and Listeria monocytogenes are major causes of foodborne diseases and of public health concern in the U.S. Tomato-associated salmonella outbreaks reported to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention have increased in frequency and magnitude in recent years, and fresh produce accounted for 21% of E. coli outbreaks reported to the CDC over a 20-year span.

Initially researchers were going to study the use of a nonchlorine-based sanitizer made of two food additives approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration — levulinic acid and sodium dodecyl sulfate — as a postharvest wash solution. However, at the suggestion of a producer involved in the study — Bill Brim of Lewis Taylor Farms in Tifton, Georgia — they designed the study using the solution in a preharvest spray, said Tong Zhao, associate research scientist with the Center for Food Safety on the UGA Griffin campus.

While producers commonly use chlorine-based disinfectants — including chlorine gas, sodium hypochlorite, calcium hypochlorite and chlorine dioxide — to treat produce postharvest, the preharvest application of bactericides is not a common practice, Zhao said.

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Posted in Bacteria, bacterial contamination, E.coli, food contamination, Food Inspections, Food Micro Blog, Food Microbiology, Food Microbiology Blog, Food Microbiology Research, Food Microbiology Testing, Food Pathogen, Food Poisoning, Food Safety, Food Technology, Listeria, Listeria monocytogenes, Research, Salmonella, STEC, STEC E.coli

RASFF Alert – STEC E.coli – Lamb Carcasses

Posted on November 27, 2020 by | Leave a comment

European Food Alerts

RASFF

shigatoxin-producing Escherichia coli (stx+;eae+) in lamb carcasses from Belgium in Belgium

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Posted in Bacteria, bacterial contamination, eae, food contamination, Food Hygiene, Food Inspections, Food Micro Blog, Food Microbiology, Food Microbiology Blog, Food Microbiology Testing, Food Pathogen, Food Poisoning, food recall, Food Safety, Food Safety Alert, Food Testing, Food Toxin, RASFF, STEC, STEC E.coli, STX 1, STX 2

Norway – Microbiological control of pasteurised and unpasteurised dairy products, 2018

Posted on November 25, 2020 by | Leave a comment

Mattilsynet

The microbiological quality was generally good for the 189 dairy products on the Norwegian market that the Norwegian Food Safety Authority examined in 2018. Nevertheless, we see that there are microbiological challenges in connection with unpasteurised dairy products.

What did we investigate? 189 samples of unpasteurised and pasteurised cheeses and other dairy products produced in Norway and in the EU.
Period: 2018
What were we looking for?

The four categories have been analysed for various disease-causing bacteria (pathogens). These choices are made in order to get the most information for each category.

The different categories are:

PN = pasteurised milk product produced in Norway.

P EU = pasteurised milk product produced outside Norway.

UN = unpasteurised milk product produced in Norway.

U EU = unpasteurised milk product produced outside Norway.
 

The various disease-causing infectious agents we analysed for:

Listeria monocytogenes (pathogen): PN, P EU, UN, U EU, number 189 pcs.

Shigatoxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) (pathogen): UN, U EU, number 96 pcs.

E. coli (hygiene parameter): PN, UN, U EU, 169 st.

S. aureus (hygiene parameter): UN, number 71 st.

Toxins (enterotoxin) from S. aureus (pathogen): UN, U EU, number 96 pcs.

Salmonella (pathogen): U EU, number 25 st.
What did we find?

Listeria monocytogenes : No detection in 189 samples of dairy product.

Shigatoxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC):
One finding in French red cow cheese of cow’s milk ( E. coli O-, stx2 and eae ). A total of 25 unpasteurised milk products produced outside Norway were examined. No findings in 71 unpasteurised milk products from Norway.

Escherichia coli (hygiene parameter):
In 73 pasteurised milk products from Norway, there was a detection and this was above the lower limit value (100 cfu / g) but below the upper limit value (1,000 cfu / g). No E. coli was detected above the detection limit of 10 colony forming units / g sample (cfu / g) in the other samples.

In 61 of the 71 unpasteurised milk products produced in Norway, E. coli was not detected above the detection limit of 10 colony-forming units / g sample (cfu / g). 3 st. (4.2%) was above 100 cfu / g.

In unpasteurised dairy products from the EU (25), 5 (20%) of the products had more than 100 cfu/ g E. coli. There is no microbiological criterion for E. coli in the regulations for unpasteurised cheeses.

Staphylococcus aureus:
Of 71 samples, none exceeded the regulatory limit of 10,000 cfu/ g.

Of the 96 unpasteurised dairy products examined, the enterotoxins AE Toxins (enterotoxins), which some S. aureus can produce , were not detected .

Salmonella was not detected in the 25 samples of unpasteurised milk products produced outside Norway.

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Posted in food contamination, Food Hygiene, Food Inspections, Food Micro Blog, Food Microbiology, Food Microbiology Blog, Food Microbiology Research, Food Microbiology Testing, Food Pathogen, Food Poisoning, food recall, Food Safety, Food Testing, Food Toxin, Listeria monocytogenes, Raw Milk, Research, Salmonella, Staphylococcus aureus, STEC, STEC E.coli

USA – Outbreak of E. coli Infections – Unknown Source 2 – Update

Posted on November 24, 2020 by | Leave a comment

CDC

CDC E.coli

CDC, public health and regulatory officials in several states, and the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) are investigating several multistate outbreaks of E. coli O157:H7 infections. This outbreak is different from two other E. coli O157:H7 outbreaks CDC is currently investigating (E. coli outbreak with unknown source 1 and E. coli outbreak with unknown source 3).

At A Glance
  • Since the last update on October 28, 2020, 16 ill people were added to this investigation.
  • CDC is not advising people avoid any particular food at this time.
  • Investigators are working to collect different types of data to identify the source of this outbreak.
  • CDC will provide updates as they become available.

Take action if you have symptoms of an E. coli infection:

  • Talk to your healthcare provider.
  • Write down what you ate in the week before you got sick.
  • Report your illness to your local or state health department.
  • Help us solve the outbreak by answering public health officials’ questions about your illness.

Follow these general ways to prevent getting sick from E. coli:

  • Wash your hands after using the restroom or changing diapers, before and after preparing or eating food, and after contact with animals.
  • Cook meats thoroughly. Use a food thermometer to check that the meat has reached a safe internal temperatureexternal icon.
  • Don’t cross-contaminate food preparation areas. Thoroughly wash hands, counters, cutting boards, and utensils after touching raw meat.
  • Wash fruits and vegetables before eating, unless the package says the contents have been washed.
  • Avoid raw milk, other unpasteurized dairy products, and unpasteurized juices.
  • People usually get sick from Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC) 2 to 8 days (average of 3 to 4 days) after swallowing the germ.
  • Symptoms often include severe stomach cramps, diarrhea (often bloody), and vomiting. Some people may have a fever, which usually is not very high (less than 101˚F/38.5˚C).
  • Some people with a STEC infection may get a type of kidney failure called hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS).
  • Antibiotics are not recommended for patients with suspected E. coli infections until diagnostic testing can be performed and E. coli infection is ruled out. Some studies have shown that administering antibiotics to patients with E. coli infections might increase their risk of developing HUS, and a benefit of treatment has not been clearly demonstrated.
  • For more information, see Symptoms of E. coli Infection.
Investigation Details

November 23, 2020

Since the last update on October 28, 2020, 16 ill people were added to this investigation.

As of November 19, 2020, a total of 39 people infected with the outbreak strain of E. coli O157:H7 have been reported from 18 states. A list of the states and the number of cases in each can be found on the Map of Reported Cases page.

Illnesses started on dates ranging from August 10, 2020, to October 23, 2020. Ill people range in age from 1 to 85 years, with a median age of 38 years, and 62% are female. Of 30 ill people with information available, 19 people were hospitalized and 4 people developed hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS), a type of kidney failure. No deaths have been reported.

Illnesses might not yet be reported due to the time it takes between when a person becomes ill and when the illness is reported. This takes an average of 2 to 4 weeks. Please see the Timeline for Reporting Cases of E. coli O157 Infection for more details.

Investigation of the Outbreak

Investigators are continuing to collect different types of data to identify the source of this outbreak.

State and local public health officials are interviewing ill people to determine what they ate and other exposures in the week before they got sick. Of the 22 ill people interviewed to date, all reported eating a variety of leafy greens, like spinach (16), romaine lettuce (15), iceberg lettuce (12), and mixed bag lettuce (8). No single type or brand of leafy greens or other food item has been identified as the source of this outbreak. CDC is not advising people avoid any particular food at this time.

This investigation is ongoing, and CDC will provide more information as it becomes available.

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Posted in Bacteria, bacterial contamination, CDC, E.coli, food bourne outbreak, food contamination, Food Hygiene, Food Illness, Food Inspections, Food Micro Blog, Food Microbiology, Food Microbiology Blog, Food Microbiology Testing, Food Pathogen, Food Poisoning, food recall, Food Safety, Food Safety Alert, Food Testing, Food Toxin, foodborne outbreak, foodbourne outbreak, outbreak, STEC, STEC E.coli