Category Archives: microbial contamination

Research – High risk of potential diarrheagenic Bacillus cereus in diverse food products in Egypt

Journal of Food Protection

bacillus

Bacillus cereus is one of the important foodborne pathogens that can be found in various foodstuffs; causing diarrheal and/or emetic syndromes. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence, antimicrobial susceptibility profile, pathogenic potential, and genotypic diversity of B. cereus isolated from diverse food products from markets in Cairo, Egypt. A total of 39 out of 165 food samples were positive for B. cereus (detection rate of 24%) with a contamination level ranged from 2 to 6 log CFU/g and a higher incidence of > 3 log bacterial count. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing showed that B. cereus isolates were fully sensitive to all tested antimicrobial agents except β-lactams. The pathogenic potential of the 39 B. cereus isolates was assessed by detecting and profiling the secreted virulence or toxin encoding genes including the chromosomal-carried genes hblA , bceT , plc , sph , nheA , entFM , cytK associated with the diarrheal syndrome and the plasmid-carried ces gene associated with the emetic syndrome. The most frequently detected  genes were hblA , nheA and entFM . All isolates harbored more than one of the diarrheal enterotoxins encoding genes with the genetic profile hblA-bceT-nheA-entFM-cytK-plc-sph was the most prevalent (in 20/39 isolates). The emetic toxin ces was not detected at all. ERIC-based analysis of the 20 B. cereus isolates harboring the prevalent genetic profile revelated that they were genetically distinct. In conclusion, the findings of this study provide useful information for public health management and serve as a warning of the potential risk of diarrheagenic B. cereus in diverse food products. Therefore, the consideration to extensively study the epidemiology of this food pathogen in Egypt is warranted. Additionally, strict procedures should be applied to monitor, protect, and safely handle food products, particularly ready to eat foodstuffs that are usually consumed without heat treatment.

USA – FDA’s CORE Response Team Updateed

FDA

The following is a list of outbreak investigations being managed by FDA’s CORE Response Teams. The investigations are in a variety of stages, meaning that some outbreaks have limited information, and others may be near completion.

Iceland – Mold poison in Sportmix cat food -Mycotoxin -Aflatoxin

MAST

Matvælastofnun warns against  Sportmix original cat food cat food  from  Midwestern pet food  in 6.8 kg bags due to aflatoxin mold toxin. The company Pak ehf. has recalled the feed with the help of the Food Administration. The feed was taken from online sales at the end of December and buyers were contacted. 

The recall only applies to the following batches:

  • Product name: Sportmix original cat food
  • Weight: 6.8 kg (15 lbs)
  • Manufacturer: Midwestern pet foods
  • Batch number: All dates before or 07.09.22 / batch number 07092021L3 05
  • Country of manufacture: United States
  • Importer: Pak ehf., Strandgata 32, 220 Hafnarfjörður
  • Distribution:  https://www.litlagaeludyrabudin.is/netverslun/

Sportsmix cat food

Parties who own this feed are advised to return it to PAK ehf., Melabraut 19, 220 Hafnarfjörður or call 517 8119.

Aflatoxin is a poison produced by the fungus Aspergillus flavus  which can grow on maize and other grains used in pet food. If the poison is high in the product, it can cause illness or even death.

RASFF Alerts – Salmonella – Various Chicken/Turkey/Egg Products from Poland – Raw Smoked Bacon Strips – Organic Chilli Pepper – Black Pepper – Sesame Seeds – Chipolata – Paprika Powder – Turkey Fillets – Turkey Escalopes

European Food Alerts

RASFF

Salmonella (in 1 out of 5 samples /25g) in raw smoked bacon strips from Germany in Germany

RASFF

Salmonella (presence /25g) in organic chilli pepper from Uganda in the Netherlands

RASFF

Salmonella (presence /25g) in organic sesame seeds from Turkey in the Netherlands

RASFF

Salmonella (presence /25g) in chipolata from the Netherlands in the Netherlands

RASFF

Salmonella (presence /25g) in paprika powder from China in Spain

RASFF

Salmonella enterica ser. Matadi (presence /25g), Salmonella enterica ser. München (presence /25g), Salmonella enterica ser. Newport (presence /25g) and Salmonella enterica ser. Saintpaul (presence /25g) in black pepper from Brazil in Germany

RASFF

Salmonella enterica ser. Abaetetuba (in 1 out of 10 samples /25g), Salmonella enterica ser. Coeln (in 1 out of 10 samples /25g), Salmonella enterica ser. Matadi (in 1 out of 10 samples /25g), Salmonella enterica ser. Newport (in 1 out of 10 samples /25g) and Salmonella enterica ser. Oranienburg (in 2 out of 10 samples /25g) in black pepper from Brazil in Germany

RASFF

Salmonella enterica ser. Saintpaul (presence /25g) in black pepper from Brazil in Germany

RASFF

Salmonella enterica ser. Typhimurium (presence /25g) in chilled turkey fillets and escalopes from France in Finland

RASFF

Salmonella enterica ser. salamae (in 3 out of 5 samples /25g) in frozen turkey breast fillets from Poland, via Estonia in Finland

RASFF

Salmonella enterica ser. Enteritidis (in out of 5 samples /25g) in chilled chicken thighs from Poland in Lativa

RASFF

Salmonella enterica ser. Liverpool (in 1 out of 5 samples /25g) in sesame seeds from Uganda in Germany

RASFF

suspicion of Salmonella enterica ser. Enteritidis (found in faecal samples) in eggs from Poland in Poland

RASFF

Salmonella enterica ser. Enteritidis (presence /25g) in frozen chicken broiler fillets from Poland in Lithuania

RASFF

Salmonella (presence /25g) in chilled chicken meat from Poland in Poland

RASFF

Salmonella enterica ser. Enteritidis (presence/ /25g) in chilled chicken broiler soup sets from Poland in Lithuania

RASFF

Salmonella enterica ser. Infantis (presence /25g) in chicken wings from Poland in Lithuania

RASFF Alert – Listeria monocytogenes – Frozen Pre-Cooked Chicken Curry Cassolettes

European Food Alerts

RASFF

Listeria monocytogenes (< 10 CFU/g) in frozen pre-cooked chicken curry cassolettes from Spain in France

Hong Kong – Centre for Food Safety announces test results on Lunar New Year food (first phase)

CFS

The Centre for Food Safety (CFS) of the Food and Environmental Hygiene Department today (January 15) announced the test results of a recently completed seasonal food surveillance project on Lunar New Year (LNY) food (first phase). The test results of around 570 samples collected were satisfactory, except for a date sample found to contain a preservative at a level exceeding the legal limit and in breach of the food labelling regulation and a rice cake sample found with sodium content inconsistent with the declared content on its nutrition label, which were announced earlier.

A spokesman for the CFS said, “The LNY is coming soon and the CFS is conducting this seasonal food surveillance project in two phases. During the first phase of the project, different types of LNY food including steamed puddings (e.g. turnip puddings and festive cakes), fried dumplings (e.g. sesame balls and crispy triangles), candies, glutinous rice balls, melon seeds and dried aquatic products were collected from different retailers (including online retailers) for chemical and microbiological tests as well as nutrition content analysis.”

Chemical tests targeted preservatives, colouring matters, metallic contaminants and others. Microbiological tests covered different food poisoning pathogens. For nutrition content analysis, the contents of total fat, sodium and sugars of the samples were tested to see if the test results were consistent with the declared values on the nutrition labels.

The spokesman urged the food trade to observe the relevant laws and regulations in the preparation of food, follow Good Manufacturing Practice and use permitted food additives only in an appropriate manner. Retailers should source food from reliable suppliers, and conduct quality checks of incoming materials and end products to ensure that ingredients used are within legal standards. In addition, the food trade should maintain proper records in accordance with the requirements of the Food Safety Ordinance to allow source tracing if needed.

The spokesman also advised consumers to buy LNY food from reliable retailers with good hygiene conditions; make sure the packaging of prepackaged cakes and snacks is intact and the products have not expired; refer to the nutrition labels on the sugar, salt (sodium) and fat content and more for healthy choices; and pay attention to the hygiene conditions of food containers and the personal hygiene of staff when buying loose-packed food (e.g. candied lotus seeds, nuts and melon seeds).

“Consumers should choose food products with natural colours. Bright white pistachios may have been bleached and melon seeds with an unnatural gloss may have had mineral oil added. Consumption of these food products can cause gastrointestinal discomfort,” the spokesman said.

“Festive cakes that are not for immediate consumption should be kept refrigerated or stored according to the instructions on the package, and should be eaten before they expire. Reheat hot-served festive cakes thoroughly before consumption, consume them as soon as possible, and avoid keeping them at room temperature for a long time. Foods like nuts and melon seeds should not be kept for a long time. Those with mould or an abnormal smell or taste should not be eaten,” he added.

The spokesman reminded the public to maintain a balanced diet and avoid foods that are high in energy, sugar, salt or fat during the LNY.

The CFS will continue to conduct surveillance on LNY food and the second-phase results will be released in a timely manner to ensure food safety.

Hong Kong – Prevention and Reduction of Aflatoxin Contamination in Peanuts

Click to access Peanuts_and_Aflatoxins_Guideline_e.pdf

Research – Breakthrough in understanding ‘tummy bug’ bacteria

Science Daily

Scientists have discovered how bacteria commonly responsible for seafood-related stomach upsets can go dormant and then “wake up.”

Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a marine bacterium that can cause gastroenteritis in humans when eaten in raw or undercooked shellfish such as oysters and mussels.

Some of these bacteria are able to turn dormant in poor growth conditions such as cold temperatures — and can remain in that state of hibernation for long periods before resuscitating.

University of Exeter scientists have identified a population of these dormant cells that are better at waking up, and have discovered an enzyme involved in that waking up process.

“Most of these bacteria die when they encounter poor growth conditions, but we identified sub-populations of bacteria that are able to stay dormant for long periods of time,” said lead author Dr Sariqa Wagley, of the University of Exeter.

“We found that this population has a better ability to revive when conditions improve.

“Our tests show that when these dormant bacteria are revived they are just as virulent and able to cause disease.”

The findings could have implications for seafood safety, as dormant cells are not detectable using routine microbiological screening tests and the true bacterial load (amount of bacteria) could be underestimated.

“When they go dormant, these bacteria change shape, reduce respiration activities and they don’t grow like healthy bacteria on agar plates used in standard laboratory tests, so they are much harder to detect,” Dr Wagley explained.

“Using a range of tools, we were able to find dormant bacteria in seafood samples and laboratory cultures and look at their genetic content to look for clues in how they might survive for long periods.

“It is important to note that thorough cooking kills bacteria in seafood.

“Our results may also help us predict the conditions that dormant bacteria need in order to revive.”

Working with the seafood industry, the Exeter team identified a lactate dehydrogenase enzyme that breaks down lactic acid into pyruvate, a key component of several metabolic pathways (chemical reactions in a cell).

The findings suggest that lactate dehydrogenase is essential both for maintaining bacterial dormancy and resuscitation back to an active form.

Vibrio parahaemolyticus usually grows in warm and tropical marine environments, although Dr Wagley said that due to rising sea temperatures in recent years it is now prevalent in UK waters during the summer months.

During the winter, it is not detected in the marine environment around the UK and it is thought to die due to the cold winter temperatures.

This study could explain how Vibrio parahaemolyticus is able remerge in the environment during the summer.

The study was partly funded by the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC), with additional funding and support from Lyons Seafoods.

Research – Condensation removal practices and its potential for contributing to environmental pathogen contamination in food processing facilities

Journal of Food Protection

listeria

Food manufacturers often use squeegees as a tool to remove condensation from overhead surfaces. This practice is done to reduce the likelihood of environmental pathogen contamination by eliminating condensed water droplets that could fall from overhead surfaces during production. However, this practice may actually spread environmental pathogens across these surfaces, defeating its purpose and further increasing the risk for contamination in the processing area. To understand the risk associated with this common practice, test pipes inoculated with Listeria innocua ATCC 33090 were exposed to steam to produce condensation, which was then removed by squeegees. The pipe surfaces, droplets, and squeegees were subsequently analysed for Listeria to determine the distance the organism spread across the pipe, and how many organisms were transferred to the droplets and the squeegees. Results showed that Listeria travelled as far as 16 inches across the surface of the pipe, and bacterial transfer to the droplets decreased as the squeegee travelled further away from the contaminated area. Sanitisers alone were able to remove about 1 – 2 log CFU/in 2 of Listeria from the squeegee blades. Among the cleaning protocol evaluated, an extensive cleaning regimen was able to remove 3 – 4 log CFU/in 2 , which would be recommended to reduce the risk associated with environmental pathogens transfer. This study provides evidence that supports recommendations for minimising the cross-contamination risk associated with condensation management practices.

Switzerland – Early detection for food safety

FFSVO

For sustainable assurance of food safety and the prevention of fraud, the FSVO identifies newly emerging risks to the health of Switzerland’s population. Early detection of this kind allows appropriate action to be taken in real time.

The FSVO compiles the most important food safety information every month 

Monitoring developments in the field of food safety is an essential task of early detection. This is why the FSVO summarises and evaluates the main information in Seismo Info. The publication is sent out by newsletter.

The aim of early detection for food safety is to identify and assess potential risks of food to the health of consumers.

The FSVO distinguishes between different types of risk:

  • Microbiological risks in foodstuffs and food fraud and deception
  • Chemical risks in foodstuffs and commodities
  • Nutrition-related risks

Monitoring system

The detection of newly emerging risks requires vigilant monitoring of societal and ecological changes, technological developments, economic trends and political conditions.

To perform these tasks, the FSVO manages an early detection system for food safety. This system considers information from a variety of sources, as well as the opinion of experts from the federal government, the cantons, industry and universities. The FSVO is also part of an international network that regularly shares information on new risks, assesses these risks and discusses the action to be taken.

Information and communication

The information gathered is compiled in the ADURA database, which can be accessed by federal and cantonal experts and to some extent also by the public.

The FSVO summarises and evaluates the main information every month in Seismo Info. The publication is communicated via the «Food safety and nutrition» newsletter (Subscription in French, German or Italian).

«Briefing letters» are short summaries of issues. They are characterised by in-depth research on a specific topic. Their purpose is to draw attention to hazards or risks that could endanger food safety in the medium to long term.

Anyone can contribute to early detection by submitting information to seismo@blv.admin.ch. Specialists check the information and incorporate it into the ADURA database or Seismo Info as appropriate.