RASFF – aflatoxins (B1 = 437 µg/kg – ppb) in shelled groundnuts from Nigeria in the UK
Aflatoxins are toxic and carcinogenic mycotoxins found in a range of agricultural products, particularly cereals and nuts. Of especial concern are potentially high levels of these mycotoxins in maize and peanuts, which form part of staple diets in many parts of Asia.
The major fungus producing aflatoxins is Aspergillus flavus. However, another fungus,Aspergillus parasiticus and a few other minor species of Aspergillus can also produce these toxins.
Aflatoxins in crops:
All cereal crops can contain aflatoxins. Intensive cropping practices and decreased genetic diversity in cereal crops probably contribute to increased preharvest infections of commodities with fungi that produce aflatoxins. Preharvest contamination of crops with aflatoxins occurs in the temperate and tropical regions.
The seeds in growth-stressed plants are the most susceptible to fungal invasion and aflatoxin production. Postharvest contamination occurs worldwide when conditions in the storage unit exist for the growth of Aflatoxigenic fungi. Aflatoxigenic fungi can grow in feedlot manure.
Insects spread the spores of aflatoxigenic fungi to plants and the fungi colonize areas of insect damage. The flower and silk in corn can be portals of entry for species of Aspergillus.
Insect damage, timing of irrigation or rain, relative humidity around the bolls, stage of maturity and variety of cotton can be factors in causing preharvest contamination of cottonseed with aflatoxins.
RASFF – aflatoxins (B1 = 10; Tot. = 58.9 µg/kg – ppb) in unshelled roasted pistachios from Turkey in Germany
RASFF – aflatoxins (B1 = 75.5; Tot. = 78.3 µg/kg – ppb) in chilly powder from India in Greece
RASFF – aflatoxins (B1 = 7.4; Tot. = 8.0 µg/kg – ppb) in peanut spread with white chocolate from Ukraine in Slovakia
RASFF – aflatoxins (B1 = 9.8; Tot. = 11.3 µg/kg – ppb) in peanut spread with milk chocolate from Ukraine in Slovakia
RASFF – aflatoxins (B1 = 7.2; Tot. = 36 µg/kg – ppb) in dried figs from Turkey in the Netherlands
RASFF – aflatoxins (B1 = 19.1; Tot. = 22.2) in peanut spread with caramel from Ukraine in Slovakia
RASFF – aflatoxins (B1 = 5.8; Tot. = 5.8 µg/kg – ppb) in chopped dates from Pakistan, via Germany in the Netherlands
RASFF – aflatoxins (B1 = 10.1 µg/kg – ppb) in shelled pistachios from the United States in Italy
RASFF – aflatoxins (B1 = 28.09; Tot. = 30.95 µg/kg – ppb) in pistachios from Kyrgyzstan, via Turkey in Italy
RASFF – aflatoxins (B1 = 4.07; Tot. = 4.6 mg/kg – ppm) in peanuts with shell from Egypt in Italy
RASFF – aflatoxins (B1 = 10.44; Tot. = 11.42 mg/kg – ppm) in shelled almonds from the United States in Italy
RASFF – aflatoxins in fruit-based infant purees from Germany in Austria
RASFF – aflatoxins (B1 = 154.5; Tot. = 184.1 µg/kg – ppb) in groundnuts from Egypt in Germany
RASFF – aflatoxins (B1 = 7.2; Tot. = 8.4 µg/kg – ppb) in shelled hazelnuts from Georgia in Spain
RASFF – aflatoxins (B1 = 948; Tot. = 1253 µg/kg – ppb) in organic pistachios from Italy in Switzerland
RASFF – aflatoxins (B1 = 27; Tot. = 30 µg/kg – ppb) in groundnuts kernels from India in the Netherlands
RASFF – aflatoxins (B1 = 49.06; Tot. = 56.68 µg/kg – ppb) in pistachios from Iran, via Turkey in Italy
RASFF – aflatoxins (B1 = 2.7 µg/kg – ppb) in groundnuts from the United States in the Netherlands
RASFF – aflatoxins (B1 = 10; Tot. = 10 µg/kg – ppb) in groundnuts in shell from China in the Netherlands
RASFF – aflatoxins (B1 = 6.3; Tot. = 6.9 µg/kg – ppb) in blanched groundnuts from the United States in the Netherlands
RASFF – aflatoxins (B1 = 21; Tot. = 80 µg/kg – ppb) in organic blanched groundnuts from China in the Netherlands
RASFF – aflatoxins (B1 = 7.4 µg/kg – ppb) in groundnuts from the United States in the Netherlands
RASFF – aflatoxins (B1 = 8.3; Tot. = 9.6 µg/kg – ppb) in blanched groundnuts from the United States in the Netherlands
RASFF – aflatoxins (B1 = 3.1 µg/kg – ppb) in blanched groundnuts from the United States in the Netherlands
RASFF – aflatoxins (B1 = 32; Tot. = 62 µg/kg – ppb) in groundnut kernels from Argentina in the Netherlands
RASFF – aflatoxins (B1 = 27; Tot. = 33 µg/kg – ppb) in groundnuts from the United States in the Netherlands
RASFF – aflatoxins (B1 = 36; Tot. = 69) in groundnut kernels from Argentina in the Netherlands
RASFF – aflatoxins (B1 = 24.7; Tot. = 30.4 / B1 = 25.2; Tot. = 29.8 / B1 = 29.8; Tot. = 31.1 µg/kg – ppb) in blanched groundnuts from China in Lithuania
RASFF – aflatoxins (B1 = 6.6; Tot. = 7.3 µg/kg – ppb) in watermelon seeds from Turkey in Germany
RASFF – aflatoxins (B1 = 7.1 µg/kg – ppb) in organic brown rice from unknown origin, via Germany in Austria
RASFF – aflatoxins (B1 = 6.9 µg/kg – ppb) in groundnuts from Egypt in the Netherlands
RASFF – aflatoxins (B1 = 5.8; Tot. = 6.3 µg/kg – ppb) in groundnuts from Nicaragua in Belgium
RASFF – aflatoxins (B1 = 11.6; Tot. = 12.9 µg/kg – ppb) in watermelon seeds from Turkey in Germany
RASFF – aflatoxins (Tot. = 41.63 µg/kg – ppb) in peeled almonds from the United States in Italy
