Category Archives: Microbiology

USA – Illinois county reports outbreak of infections from Campylobacter

Food Safety News

Campylobacter kswfoodworld

The McHenry County Department of Health in Illinois is reporting a significant increase in infections from Campylobacter.

Health officials have identified eight cases of campylobacteriosis with illness onsets between Aug. 17 and Aug. 30. That is four times more cases compared to the previous two weeks and 3.33 times more cases in August compared to July.

“No common source of infection has been identified at this time,” according to the health department.

Campylobacter bacteria is the most common cause of bacterial diarrhea in the United States, according to the county health officials. People can become ill with campylobacteriosis by eating contaminated food, drinking contaminated water or having contact with infected animals.

UK – Reading Festival: Investigation into food poisoning outbreak

BBC

An outbreak of food poisoning, after a number of festival-goers fell ill at Reading Festival, is being scrutinized.

Reading Borough Council said it was investigating following reports “relating to suspected food poisoning” at the festival.

Posting on the Reading Festival Community Facebook group, several festival-goers said they were suddenly struck down over the weekend with symptoms including diarrhoea, vomiting, stomach aches and a fever.

Some said they were forced to leave the festival as they were so unwell.

Ireland – Four Enforcement Orders served on food businesses in August

FSAI

The Food Safety Authority of Ireland (FSAI) today reported that three Closure Orders and one Prohibition Order were served on food businesses during the month of August for breaches of food safety legislation, pursuant to the European Union (Official Controls in Relation to Food Legislation) Regulations, 2020 and the FSAI Act, 1998. The Enforcement Orders were issued by environmental health officers (EHOs) in the Health Service Executive (HSE) and sea-fisheries protection officers in the Sea-Fisheries Protection Authority (SFPA).

Three Closure Orders were served under European Union (Official Controls in Relation to Food Legislation) Regulations, 2020 on:

  • Zing by Chaska (restaurant/café), 90-91 Marlborough Street, Dublin 1
  • Fredis Pizzeria, Market Square, Bailieborough, Cavan
  • New Victoria (take away), 51 Dorset Street Upper, Dublin 1

One Prohibition Order, which is under appeal, was served under the FSAI Act 1998 on:

  • MFV Nausicaa DA63 (under appeal) (fishing vessel), County Dublin

Some of the reasons for the Closure Orders in August include: frozen chicken was defrosted unsafely with the surface of the chicken warming to 12 degrees Celsius while the core of the chicken remained frozen; safe procedures for cooling hot food were not followed; temperature-sensitive ready-to-eat foods were consistently kept at temperatures likely to result in a risk to health e.g. pasta salad stored in chilled food display unit in the buffet had a temperature of 14.3 degrees Celsius; adequate procedures were not in place to control pests; a lack of evidence of proper hand-washing procedures; a broken water heater left the proprietor unable to adequately clean or disinfect working utensils and equipment; despite the presence of a copy of the FSAI’s Safe Catering Pack, there was no evidence to prove that procedures detailed within had been fully implemented and maintained.

USA – Leafy Greens STEC Action Plan

FDA

Leafy greens are among the most widely consumed vegetables and an important part of an overall healthy diet. However, while millions of servings are consumed safely every day, leafy greens have been repeatedly associated with illnesses caused by Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC), the most common of which is E. coli O157:H7. FDA is committed to breaking this cycle of reoccurring outbreaks.

Over the last several years the FDA and partners in the public and private sectors have worked to enhance the safety of leafy greens through the development and implementation of the Leafy Greens STEC Action Plan (LGAP). This work includes prioritized inspections, focused sampling, stakeholder engagement and collaboration, data sharing, root cause investigations, and advancements in the science of detection and prevention.

Collectively, this work has expanded our body of knowledge about how and why outbreaks linked to leafy greens have occurred, which has guided and informed the evolution of the action plan over the years. Still, we know that we cannot fix the issue of leafy green contamination on our own. Industry leadership, along with collaboration among growers, processors, retailers, state partners, and the broader agricultural community, is critical to establishing needed prevention measures and preventing foodborne illness.

The following table provides the approaches for three priority areas: Prevention, Response, and Addressing Knowledge Gaps, as well as accomplishments that have been made since the action plan launched in March 2020.

USA – FDA Core Table – Investigations of Foodborne Illness Outbreaks

FDA

What’s New

  • For the Salmonella Mississippi outbreak (ref# 1097) in a not yet identified product, the case count has increased from 99 to 100 cases.
  • For the Salmonella Senftenberg outbreak (ref# 1087) in a not yet identified food, the case count has increased from 22 to 27 cases.
  • For the Salmonella Typhimurium outbreak (ref# 1095) in a not yet identified food, the case count has increased from 73 to 78 cases.
  • For the Cyclospora outbreak (ref# 1080) the case count has increased from 75 to 79 cases.
  • For the Salmonella Braenderup outbreak (ref# 1075) the FDA investigation has closed. A product linked to illnesses was not identified.
  • The investigation associated with Dry Cereal (ref # 1064) has ended and the FDA investigation has closed with no pathogen or cause of the self-reported illnesses identified, despite extensive testing for numerous potential microbial and chemical adulterants.

RASFF Alerts – Animal Feed – Salmonella – Raw Pet Food – Whole Egg Powder

RASFF

Enterobacertiaceae and Salmonella spp. in raw pet food for fish from Thailand in Germany

RASFF

Salmonella spp. in whole egg powder, processed into pet- food from Germany in Switzerland and Austria

Research – Transmission of Cryptosporidium by Fresh Vegetables

Journal of Food Protection

water contamination

Consumption of fresh fruits and vegetables is increasing thanks to the awareness to the benefits to human health. Vegetables may become contaminated by enteric pathogens (protozoan parasites, bacteria and viruses) by irrigation with contaminated water, fertilization with fresh animal manure or by infected food handlers. Cryptosporidium spp. are fecal-oral protozoan parasites, known to be highly persistent in the environment, which facilitate the transmission of the infectious oocysts. Efficient methods were developed for releasing and concentrating Cryptosporidium oocysts from leafy vegetables and sensitive and specific methods were applied for their enumeration. The aims of this review are to discuss the development and optimization of methods applied to release oocysts from leafy vegetables, the prevalence of Cryptosporidium oocysts on fresh leafy vegetables from various parts of the world and to discuss cryptosporidiosis outbreaks resulting from the consumption of leafy vegetables. Three solutions were used with comparable efficiency to release oocysts from leafy vegetables 1M glycine solution, 0.1% Alconox and filter elution buffer with an efficiency of 36.2%, 72.6% and 44%, respectively. The prevalence of Cryptosporidium oocysts was reported in developed as well as from developing countries, although simple detection methods were applied. Most of the cryptosporidiosis outbreaks were reported in developed countries, which can be related to their efficient surveillance system. Transmission of infectious pathogens, such as Cryptosporidium may be facilitated by fresh vegetables, which are imported and transferred from less developed to highly developed countries and consumed uncooked. Monitoring of Cryptosporidium oocysts by sensitive detection methods may enhance measures to prevent their transmission by freshly consumed vegetables.

Research – Influence of Different Stainless-Steel Finishes on Biofilm Formation by Listeria monocytogenes

Journal of Food Protection

Biofilm formation of L. monocytogenes on stainless steel, a widely used abiotic surface in the food processing industry was investigated, focusing on the attachment tendency and behavior of L. monocytogenes 08-5578 on eight different Stainless-steel surfaces: glass bead blasted (rough and fine), deburred (Timesaver), drum deburred, pickled, pickled and drum polished, electrolytic polished and cold rolled (untreated control). The aim was to see if there are finishes with significant lower bacterial attachment. Roughness properties (Ra, Rt, Rz, RSm; determined by interferometry) were also compared with number of adhering cells to detect possible correlations. Cultivation of L. monocytogenes biofilms was carried out using a CDC biofilm reactor (CBR) with 1% TSB set at 20°C for 4, 8, and 24 h. Additionally, a cultivation trial was run with continuous nutrient flow (1% TSB, 6.2 ml/min) for 24 h. Eight hour results showed significant difference ( P < 0.05) in biofilm cell counts in biofilms between the glass bead blasted surfaces (3.23 and 3.26 log CFU/cm 2 for the fine and rough, respectively) and deburred (Timesaver) surface (2.57 log CFU/cm 2 ); between drum deburred and deburred (Timesaver) surface (3.41 vs 2.57 log CFU/cm 2 ); between drum deburred and pickled surface (3.41 vs 2.77 log CFU/cm 2 ). Data gained after 4, 24 h and the additional 24 h continuous flow cultivation showed no significant difference in attachment among surfaces. No correlation between roughness data and attachment was found after all 4 incubation times, suggesting that roughness values, at these ranges, are insufficient in determining surfaces’ affinity to bacteria. This study suggests that roughness values cannot be used to predict the degree of L. monocytogenes attachment to a specific stainless steel surface.

Research – Incidence of Food Poisoning Outbreaks in Pahang, Malaysia, for Six-Year, from 2013 to 2018

Pertanika

The Food Safety and Quality Division (FSQD) in Malaysia is the competent authority tasked with ensuring food safety throughout the food supply chain within the country. Despite implementing various regulations toward improving food hygiene standards in Malaysia, outbreaks of food poisoning cases continued to occur in Malaysia. This cross-sectional study was designed to explore the occurrence of food poisoning incidents in Malaysia, within the Pahang state, from 2013 to 2018 via both reported passive case detection (PCD) and active case detection (ACD) food poisoning incidents. Upon detecting all the food poisoning cases using both PCD and ACD, the people identified to have suffered from food poisoning underwent a structured interview for investigators to elicit all relevant information about the food poisoning incident. Results showed that in Pahang, the number of reported episodes fluctuated from 2013 until 2018, with an average of 21 food poisoning episodes occurring yearly, reaching a maximum in August and a minimum in May. Furthermore, Kuantan, being the state capital, had reported an exceptionally high total number of reported incidents of food poisoning with a total of 48 episodes over six years from 2013 to 2018, while Kuala Lipis had only one incident reported during the same period (which was reported in 2016). Finally, this study concluded that adequate measures must always be taken to minimise the occurrence of food poisoning, especially when preparing foods in large quantities.

Research – USA – Summary of Possible Multistate Enteric (Intestinal) Disease Outbreaks in 2017–2020

CDC

This analysis includes 470 possible multistate outbreak investigations during 2017–2020.