Category Archives: Microbiological Risk Assessment

USA – Felix Custom Smoking Enjoined From Distributing Seafood Products – Listeria

Food Poisoning Bulletin

Felix Custom Smoking has been enjoined from distributing seafood products through a consent decree filed on March 9, 2022 by the FDA and the U.S. Justice Department. The owner of that establishment, Diane Zollinger, has allegedly violated the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FDCA) by distributing “adulterated ready-to-eat seafood products, including fish jerky and cold- and hot-smoked salmon,” according to the complaint.

The business sells products directly to consumers from its location and through farmers markets, as well as providing custom processing for fishermen and other wholesalers. The facility is located in Monroe, Washington. The claims made in the complaint are allegations that, if the case were to proceed to trail, the government must prove by a preponderance of the evidence.

FDA inspectors visited the facility in 2021 and found “a significant infestation of flies and other filthy conditions that can create an ideal environment for the growth of harmful bacteria, such as Listeria monocytogenes,” according to the complaint. The FDA took multiple samples at the facility and confirmed the presence of Listeria monocytogenes in and around food preparation areas.

Genetic testing showed that the same strain of Listeria Monocytogenes had been present in the facility since at least 2018, and a sample of seafood from one of the company’s customers also showed the same strain of Listeria, according to the complaint. FDA issued a public health alert against purchasing or eating Felix Custom Smoking seafood products on August 27, 2021

The injunction requires the company to eliminate Listeria monocytogenes at their facility, make sanitation improvements, and comply with federal food safety regulations before processing or distributing any more seafood.

USA – FDA Core Investigation Table

FDA

Date
Posted
REF Pathogen
Product(s)
Linked to
Illnesses

(if any)
Total
Case Count

Status
Outbreak
Status
2/17/

2022

1056 Cronobacter
sakazakii
Powdered
Infant
Formula
See
Advisory
Active Ongoing
See
Advisory
2/9/

2022

1040 Listeria
monocytogenes
Not Yet
Identified
14 Active Ongoing
See Advice
2/2/

2022

1054 Enteroinvasive
E. coli
O143:H26
Not Yet
Identified
16 Closed Ended
See Advice
1/10/

2022

1050 E. coli
O121:H19
Romaine 4 Closed Ended
12/29/

2021

1052 E. coli
O157:H7
Packaged
Salad
See Outbreak
Advisory
Closed Ended
See Outbreak
Advisory
12/20/

2021

1039 Listeria
monocytogenes
Packaged
Salad
See Outbreak
Advisory
Closed Ended
See Outbreak
Advisory
12/15/

2021

1048 Listeria
monocytogenes
Packaged
Salad
See Outbreak
Advisory
Active Ongoing
See Outbreak
Advisory

UK – Sneyd’s Wonderfeeds Ltd recalls pet feed because of the presence of salmonella

FSA

9 March 2022

Sneyd’s Wonderfeeds Ltd is recalling several pet feed products because of the presence of salmonella in one of the ingredients used to manufacture the products listed below.

Product details

Sneyd’s Wonderdog Active Light
Pack size 15Kg
Batch code 57 58
Best before 21 December 2022 06 January 2023
Sneyd’s Wonderdog Special
Pack size 15Kg
Batch code All batches from 1383 through to 1408
Best before All dates from 03 December 2022 up to and including 14 February 2023
Sneyd’s Wonderdog Original
Pack size 15Kg
Batch code All batches from 3239 through to 3264
Best before All dates from 03 December 2022 up to and including 14 February 2023

Risk statement

The presence of salmonella in the products listed above. Salmonella is a bacterium that can cause illness in humans and animals. The products could therefore carry a potential risk, because of the presence of salmonella, either through direct handling of the product, or indirectly, for example from pet feeding bowls, utensils or contact with the faeces of animals.

In humans, symptoms caused by salmonella usually include fever, diarrhoea and abdominal cramps. Infected animals may not necessarily display signs of illness, but symptoms can include diarrhoea.

Action taken by the company

Sneyd’s Wonderfeeds is recalling the above products. Point of sale notices will be displayed in all retail stores that have sold these products. These notices explain to customers why the products are being recalled and tell them what to do if they have bought the products.

Our advice to consumers

(pet owners): If you have bought any of the above products do not use them. Instead contact Sneyd’s Wonderfeeds for further advice: Call 01724 872 448 or email info@wonderdog.co.uk

Research – High-pressure processing: food safety without compromising quality

EFSA

High-pressure processing (HPP) of food is effective at destroying harmful microorganisms and poses no more food safety concerns than other treatments. These are two of the conclusions of a scientific opinion published by EFSA today.

EFSA experts assessed the safety and efficacy of HPP of food and, more specifically, whether it can be used to control Listeria monocytogenes in ready-to-eat (RTE) foods and as an alternative to thermal pasteurisation of raw milk.

HPP is a non-thermal food preservation technique that kills microorganisms that can cause diseases or spoil food. It uses intense pressure for a certain time and has minimal effects on taste, texture, appearance, or nutritional values.

HPP can be used at different steps of the food chain, usually on pre-packed products. It can be applied to raw materials such as milk, fruit juices, and smoothies but also to products that have already been processed, such as sliced cooked meat products and RTE meals. In the latter case, it reduces the contamination originating from the manufacturing environment, for example during slicing and manipulation of the products.

This processing method reduces levels of Listeria monocytogenes in RTE meat products, at specific time-pressure combinations defined in the scientific opinion. In general, the longer the duration and intensity of the pressure, the more reduction is achieved. This is an important finding because L. monocytogenes contamination of RTE foods is a public health concern in the EU. HPP also proved to be effective at decreasing the levels of other pathogens, such as Salmonella and E. coli.

For raw milk, experts identified the time-pressure combinations that can be considered to have the same effect as thermal pasteurisation. These vary depending on the pathogen considered.

HPP is not specifically regulated at EU level and EFSA’s advice will inform the possible decisions of risk managers in this field.

Research – The Importance of Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli O145:NM[H28]/H28 Infections in Argentina, 1998–2020

MDPI

Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) is known as a pathogen associated with food-borne diseases. The STEC O145 serogroup has been related with acute watery diarrhea, bloody diarrhea, hemorrhagic colitis, and hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS). Argentina has the highest rate of HUS worldwide with 70% of the cases associated with STEC infections. We aimed to describe the epidemiology and genetic diversity of STEC O145 strains isolated across Argentina between 1998–2020. The strains isolated from 543 cases of human disease and four cattle, were pheno-genotipically characterized. Sequencing of five strains was performed. The strains were serotyped as O145:NM[H28]/H28, O145:H25, and O145:HNT, and mainly characterized as O145:NM[H28]/stx2a/eae/ehxA (98.1%). The results obtained by sequencing were consistent with those obtained by traditional methods and additional genes involved in different mechanisms of the pathogen were observed. In this study, we confirmed that STEC O145 strains are the second serogroup after O157 and represent 20.3% of HUS cases in Argentina. The frequency of STEC O145 and other significant serogroups is of utmost importance for public health in the country. This study encourages the improvement of the surveillance system to prevent severe cases of human disease. View Full-Text

Research – Fruit Juice Spoilage by Alicyclobacillus: Detection and Control Methods—A Comprehensive Review

MDPI

Fruit juices have an important place in humans’ healthy diet. They are considered to be shelf stable products due to their low pH that prevents the growth of most bacteria. However thermo-acidophilic endospore forming bacteria of the genus Alicyclobacillus have the potential to cause spoilage of commercially pasteurized fruit juices. The flat sour type spoilage, with absence of gas production but presence of chemical taint compounds (mostly guaiacol) and the ability of Alicyclobacillus spores to survive after pasteurization and germinate under favorable conditions make them a major concern for the fruit juice industry worldwide. Their special characteristics and presence in the fruit juice industry has resulted in the development of many isolation and identification methods based on cell detection (plating methods, ELISA, flow cytometry), nucleic acid analysis (PCR, RAPD-PCR, ERIC-PCR, DGGE-PCR, RT-PCR, RFLP-PCR, IMS-PCR, qPCR, and 16S rRNA sequencing) and measurement of their metabolites (HPLC, GC, GC-MS, GC-O, GC-SPME, Electronic nose, and FTIR). Early detection is a big challenge that can reduce economic loss in the industry while the development of control methods targeting the inactivation of Alicyclobacillus is of paramount importance as well. This review includes a discussion of the various chemical (oxidants, natural compounds of microbial, animal and plant origin), physical (thermal pasteurization), and non-thermal (High Hydrostatic Pressure, High Pressure Homogenization, ultrasound, microwaves, UV-C light, irradiation, ohmic heating and Pulse Electric Field) treatments to control Alicyclobacillus growth in order to ensure the quality and the extended shelf life of fruit juices.

Research – Antimicrobial effect of chitosan and extracellular metabolites of Pediococcus pentosaceus CM175 against Salmonella Typhimurium and Escherichia coli O157:H7

Wiley Online

Foodborne illness outbreaks caused by consuming cantaloupe melon contaminated with Salmonella spp. and Escherichia coli O157:H7 are recurrent. The objective of this work was to investigate the antimicrobial effect of the combination of chitosan (Q) and extracellular metabolites of Pediococcus pentosaceus CM175 (EmPp) on the surface of cantaloupe against E. coli O157:H7 and Salmonella Typhimurium. The minimum inhibitory and bactericide concentrations (MIC and MBC) of Q and EmPp were determined by the method of microdilution in broth and viability in plate, respectively. The antimicrobial effect derived from the combination of Q and EmPp was evaluated using the chessboard technique. The antimicrobial activity of the different treatments in cantaloupe was performed employing plate counting. The viability and membrane integrity of S. Typhimurium and E. coli O157:H7 after treatments application were observed by fluorescence microscopy. The results showed that MIC and MBC of Q against S. Typhimurium were 0.1% and 0.7%, respectively; 0.004% and 0.03% for E. coli O157:H7, respectively; for EmPp, MIC was 8.0% and MBC was 10% for both bacteria. The combination of 0.1% Q and 6.6% EmPp against S. Typhimurium and 0.01% Q and 5.0% EmPp against E. coli O157:H7 showed an additive effect. The highest reductions of S. Typhimurium and E. coli O157:H7 in cantaloupe were exerted by the combinations of 0.1% Q with 6.6% EmPp and 0.01% Q with 5.0% EmPp, respectively. These results show that combination of Q and EmPp could be an effective and promising alternative against the tested pathogens.

Jordan – Homemade leftovers leave three people poisoned in Mafraq

Roya News

Director of Al-Mafraq Governmental Hospital Moqbel Al-Sharafat told Roya Saturday that three people were diagnosed with food poisoning after eating leftovers.

Roya’s correspondent in Mafraq said that the three initially came to the hospital after feeling unwell. They thought they were feeling unwell due to inhaling gases from a heating device. However, later, it was found that they were food poisoned as a result of eating leftover food.

Research – Rainfall strongly affects infectious Vibrio bacteria in Ala Wai Canal

Science Daily

Food Illness

Study authors Olivia Nigro, then a graduate student in the oceanography at UHM and now an assistant professor at HPU, and Grieg Steward, professor in the UHM School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology (SOEST), first assessed Vibrio in 2006 when Oliver Johnson died from a V. vulnificus infection after having cuts and scrapes exposed to Ala Wai Harbor water.

“His exposure occurred after many days of heavy rainfall, which, given our results, suggests this may have been an exacerbating factor,” said Steward. “At the time, we realized there was almost no data on the ecology of V. vulnificus in the canal, or in Hawai’i generally, and remarkably, very little in tropical waters anywhere.”

After a quick pilot study in 2006 that showed the bacteria are present in high, but not unexpected numbers, the team geared up for a year-long study in 2008-2009 with better methods to understand the variability in abundance over a seasonal cycle.

At higher latitudes, the abundance of V. vulnificus shows a very strong seasonal cycle — nearly disappearing in winter when temperatures are cold. In Hawai’i, temperatures are warm year-round, so freshwater input becomes a more important control.

V. vulnificus occurs naturally in warm, brackish waters,” said Nigro. “So we expect to find this bacterium anywhere that temperatures are warm and freshwater and seawater mix in about equal proportions. When conditions are right, the Ala Wai Canal can be a great incubator for this bacterium!”

India – 1,000 hospitalised due to food poisoning in Mehsana

India Express

Over 1,000 people who attended a wedding dinner in the Savala village of Visnagar, Mehsana on Friday were rushed to health facilities following food poisoning. According to Visnagar taluka police, an inquiry has been initiated and proceedings shall be initiated accordingly.

According to police inspector BL Maheriya of Visnagar taluka police station, the wedding of former Congress leader Wazir Khan Pathan’s son was held on March 3 and the next day on March 4 a dinner was organised at Savala with “12,000-15,000 guests in attendance”, of which around 1,057 guests started exhibiting symptoms of food poisoning such as vomiting and diarrhoea and were admitted at various health facilities in Gandhinagar.

“FSL and FDCA has taken samples of sweets and other food items served at the dinner and the results are awaited. Health department too is working on this and have taken samples of the vomit and stool. Prima facie it seems the caterer may have been negligent and there could have been adulteration in the food,” Gohil said.