Category Archives: Multi Drug Resistant

Research -Investigation of outbreak of multidrug-resistant Salmonella shows link to pet treats

Posted on June 22, 2024 by | Leave a comment

Food Safety News

A new study investigating a multistate outbreak of multidrug-resistant Salmonella infections linked to pig ear pet treats highlights the interconnectedness of human health and pet ownership, emphasizing the need for stringent surveillance of pet food products.

The study was funded by the Food and Drug Administration’s Animal Feed Regulatory Program Standards and the FDA’s Veterinary Laboratory Investigation and Response Network (Vet-LIRN).

From June 2015 to Sept. 2019, 154 human cases of Salmonella infection were reported across 34 states. The investigation identified seven Salmonella serotypes genetically related to samples from pig ear pet treats. Whole genome sequencing (WGS) of isolates was used to predict antimicrobial resistance. Notably, 107 of 122 patients interviewed reported dog contact, and 65 of 97 reported contact with pig ear pet treats. Salmonella was isolated from 137 pig ear treats, including imports from Argentina, Brazil, and Colombia, and from four dogs. WGS predicted that 77 percent of human isolates and 43 percent of pig ear treat isolates were resistant to three or more antimicrobial classes.

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Posted in Animal Feed Salmonella, Food Microbiology Research, Multi Drug Resistant, Pet Food, Pet Food Recall, Pet Food Salmonella, Pet Food Testing, Research, Salmonella, WGS, Whole Genomic Sequencing

Research – Predictive Mapping of Antimicrobial Resistance for Escherichia coli, Salmonella, and Campylobacter in Food-Producing Animals, Europe, 2000–2021

Posted on December 30, 2023 by | Leave a comment

cdc

Abstract

In Europe, systematic national surveillance of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in food-producing animals has been conducted for decades; however, geographic distribution within countries remains unknown. To determine distribution within Europe, we combined 33,802 country-level AMR prevalence estimates with 2,849 local AMR prevalence estimates from 209 point prevalence surveys across 31 countries. We produced geospatial models of AMR prevalence in Escherichia coli, nontyphoidal Salmonella, and Campylobacter for cattle, pigs, and poultry. We summarized AMR trends by using the proportion of tested antimicrobial compounds with resistance >50% and generated predictive maps at 10 × 10 km resolution that disaggregated AMR prevalence. For E. coli, predicted prevalence rates were highest in southern Romania and southern/eastern Italy; for Salmonella, southern Hungary and central Poland; and for Campylobacter, throughout Spain. Our findings suggest that AMR distribution is heterogeneous within countries and that surveillance data from below the country level could help with prioritizing resources to reduce AMR.

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Posted in Antibacterial, Antibiotic Resistance, antifungal, antimicrobial resistance, Antimicrobials, Campylobacter, E.coli, Food Microbiology Research, Multi Drug Resistant, Research, Salmonella

Research – High Prevalence of Multidrug-Resistant, Biofilm-Forming Virulent Clostridium perfringens in Broiler Chicken Retail Points in Northeast India

Posted on November 25, 2023 by | Leave a comment

MDPI

Abstract

In light of the significant public health and food safety implications associated with Clostridium perfringens, this study aimed to isolate and characterize C. perfringens in samples obtained from broiler chicken retail points in Meghalaya, northeastern India. A total of 280 samples comprising meat, intestinal contents, water, and hand swabs were processed to detect contamination by C. perfringens. The isolates were subjected to toxinotyping, antimicrobial susceptibility testing, and biofilm-forming ability test. The overall occurrence of C. perfringens was 22.5% (17.74–27.85, 95% CI) with the highest recovery from intestine samples (31%; 22.13–41.03, 95% CI), followed by meat (23%, 15.17–32.49, 95% CI) and water samples (18%, 8.58–31.44, 95% CI). Type A was the predominant toxinotype (71.43%, 58.65–82.11, 95% CI), followed by Type A with beta2 toxin (17.46%, 9.05–29.10, 95% CI), Type C (7.94%, 2.63–17.56, 95% CI), and Type C with beta2 toxin (3.17%, 0.39–11.0, 95% CI). Nearly all (95.24%) isolates were multidrug resistant and 68.25% were biofilm formers. The predominance of multidrug-resistant and virulent Type A and Type C C. perfringens in retail broiler meat and intestines in the tribal-dominated northeastern region of India is of great concern from food safety and public health perspectives.

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Posted in Clostridium, Clostridium perfringens, Food Microbiology Research, Multi Drug Resistant, Research

UK – FSA – Understanding antimicrobial resistance in foodborne pathogens

Posted on November 23, 2023 by | Leave a comment

Gov UK

Our IID3 project will include an assessment of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in bacterial pathogens; the first IID project to do so. A better understanding of AMR in foodborne pathogens will support our contribution to the UK’s AMR National Action Plan.

Some bacteria that cause food poisoning are antimicrobial resistant (AMR). This means that antibiotics are ineffective, and infections are difficult or impossible to treat. Addressing the challenge of AMR and strengthening our knowledge about its implications, the bacteria that are most resistant and the antibiotics that they are resistant to, is crucial. If left unchecked, the increase of AMR could lead to the risk of disease being spread. Through projects such as IID3, we are able to learn more about AMR in foodborne pathogens with the aim of supporting work to prevent the spread.

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Posted in AMR, Antibiotic Resistance, antimicrobial resistance, carbapenem resistance, Colistin Resistant, Disinfection Resistance, Drug Resistance, drug resistant, Extensively Drug Resistant (XDR), Multi Drug Resistant

USA – CDC – Persistent Strain of Salmonella Newport (REPJJP01) Linked to Travel to Mexico, Beef, and Soft Cheese

Posted on November 22, 2023 by | Leave a comment

CDC

REPJJP01

REPJJP01 is a persistent, multidrug-resistant strain of Salmonella Newport bacteria that has caused illnesses and outbreaks in the United States and globally.

Illness caused by this strain was first reported to PulseNet in late 2015. As of March 31, 2023, information from 2,423 people infected with REPJJP01 was reported to PulseNet. Among 1,378 people interviewed, 31% were hospitalized. Among 1,175 people with information on the outcome of infection, fewer than 1% died. Among 1,312 ill people, 63% self-identified as Hispanic/Latino, 33% self-identified as non-Hispanic/Latino White, and 4% self-identified as being non-Hispanic/Latino and another race. The median age of ill people was 38 years (interquartile range, 22–55 years) and 55% were female. Illnesses caused by this strain happen throughout the year but are less common in winter.

Almost half (49%) of 1,383 people with information reported traveling to Mexico before their illness began. People with illness caused by REPJJP01 also have reported consuming contaminated beef products from the United States and Mexico and consuming contaminated cheese (including queso fresco and Oaxaca cheese) obtained in Mexico.

This strain of Salmonella Newport is relatively diverse genetically. Bacteria in this strain are within 21 allele differences of one another by core genome multilocus sequence typing (cgMLST). This is more genetically diverse than typical multistate foodborne outbreaks in which bacteria generally fall within 10 allele differences of one another.

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Posted in Drug Resistance, drug resistant, Extensively Drug Resistant (XDR), Food Illness, Food Microbiology Research, Foodborne Illness, Illness, Multi Drug Resistant, Research, Salmonella

CDC issues Salmonella alert for people traveling to Mexico

Posted on September 22, 2022 by | Leave a comment

Food Safety News

Public health officials in the United States are warning travellers who have spent time in Mexico to be aware of multidrug-resistant strains of Salmonella Newport.

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reports that some travellers have been infected with the strains, which have developed the ability to defeat drugs designed to kill them. Salmonella infections from the strains can be difficult to treat and result in very serious illnesses.

“Many travelers with MDR (multidrug-resistant) Salmonella Newport infections reported eating beef, cheese — including queso fresco and Oaxaca— beef jerky, or dried beef — carne seca — before they got sick,” according to the alert from the CDC.

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Posted in CDC, Decontamination Microbial, Drug Resistance, drug resistant, food bourne outbreak, Food Micro Blog, Food Microbiology, Food Microbiology Blog, Food Microbiology Research, Food Microbiology Testing, foodborne outbreak, foodbourne outbreak, microbial contamination, Microbiological Risk Assessment, Microbiology, Microbiology Investigations, Microbiology Risk, Multi Drug Resistant, outbreak, Salmonella

Research – Salmonella and Campylobacter continue to show high levels of antibiotic resistance

Posted on March 29, 2022 by | Leave a comment

EFSA

Antibiotic resistance in Salmonella and Campylobacter bacteria is still high, says a report released today by the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) and the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA).

Campylobacteriosis was the most reported zoonosis in the EU in 2020 and the most frequently reported cause of foodborne illness. Campylobacter bacteria from humans and poultry continues to show very high resistance to ciprofloxacin, a fluoroquinolone antibiotic, that is commonly used to treat some types of bacterial human infection.

Increasing trends of resistance against the fluoroquinolone class of antibiotics has been observed in humans and broilers for Campylobacter jejuni. In Salmonella Enteritidis, the most common type of Salmonella in humans, increasing trends of resistance to the quinolone/fluoroquinolone class of antibiotics were observed. In animals, resistance to these antibiotics in Campylobacter jejuni and Salmonella Enteritidis were generally moderate to high.

However, despite the increasing trends of resistance against certain antibiotics, simultaneous resistance to two critically important antibiotics – remains low for E. coli, Salmonella and Campylobacter in bacteria from both humans and food-producing animals.

A decline in resistance to tetracyclines and ampicillin in Salmonella from humans was observed in nine and ten countries, respectively, over the period 2016-2020, and this was particularly evident in Salmonella Typhimurium. Despite the decline, resistance to these antibiotics still remains high in bacteria from both humans and animals.

Furthermore, in more than half of the European Union countries, a statistically significant decreasing trend in the prevalence of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing E. coli was observed in food-producing animals. This is an important finding as particular strains of ESBL-producing E. coli are responsible for serious infections in humans.

Carbapenem resistance remains extremely rare in E. coli and Salmonella from food-producing animals. Carbapenems are a class of last resort antibiotics and any findings showing resistance to these in zoonotic bacteria are concerning.

Although findings and trends are consistent with data reported in previous years, the COVID-19 pandemic had an impact on the amount of data reported, particularly with regards to public health.

An interactive data visualisation tool shows resistance levels in humans, animals and food, country-by-country in 2019 and 2020.

Additionally, the human food and waterborne antibiotic resistance data is published in ECDC’s Surveillance Atlas of Infectious Diseases (under the diseases campylobacteriosis, salmonellosis and shigellosis, respectively).

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Posted in Antibiotic Resistance, Campylobacter, campylobacter coli, Campylobacter jejuni, carbapenem resistance, Decontamination Microbial, E.coli, ESBL, Food Micro Blog, Food Microbiology, Food Microbiology Blog, Food Microbiology Research, Food Microbiology Testing, microbial contamination, Microbiological Risk Assessment, Microbiology, Microbiology Investigations, Multi Drug Resistant, Research, Salmonella

Research – Hygiene indicators and Salmonella sp. on swine carcass surfaces from two slaughterhouses in northern Portugal.

Posted on March 6, 2022 by | Leave a comment

Journal of Food Protection

The monitorization of carcass surfaces contamination along the slaughter lines enables the verification of the slaughter operations hygiene and the good manufacturing practices. Pork meat is a common source of human non-typhoidal salmonellosis, one of the most frequently reported foodborne illnesses worldwide. This study aimed to gather data on microbial loads in carcass surfaces in two slaughterhouses, before and after evisceration. Salmonella enterica search was made after evisceration, due to the frequent reference to pork as being a common carrier of this microorganism. The contamination of carcass surfaces was evaluated by delimitation of surface area with sterilized templates (100 cm2), and sampled by gauze swabs. Enumeration of total aerobic mesophilic microorganisms, Enterobacteriaceae, and Escherichia coli was performed. The detection of Salmonella was performed for carcass surfaces after evisceration, and from animal liver and floor drains (environmental). Significant differences (p < 0.05) were observed for mesophilic microorganisms, Enterobacteriaceae, and E. coli counts on the external surfaces, with higher counts after evisceration. The neck and abdominal area presented higher levels for mesophilic microorganisms, Enterobacteriaceae and E. coli, and a high prevalence of Salmonella. Salmonella was detected only in one of the studied slaughterhouses; 19 out of 259 analysed carcass samples were positive for Salmonella (7.3%). Salmonella was also detected in two livers and in two floor drains. A collection of 52 Salmonella isolates (44 from carcasses, 5 from livers, 3 from drains) was gathered. Three serovars of Salmonella were identified (Typhimurium 4,5:i- , Wernigerone and Derby), and 53.8% of isolates were multidrug-resistant. The results demonstrate the need for continuous improvement of slaughtering operations and good manufacturing practices, to ensure food safety of pork produced in Portugal.

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Posted in Carcass, Drug Resistance, drug resistant, E.coli, Enterobacteriaceae, escherichia coli, Food Micro Blog, Food Microbiology, Food Microbiology Blog, Food Microbiology Research, Food Microbiology Testing, microbial contamination, Microbiological Risk Assessment, Microbiology, Microbiology Investigations, Multi Drug Resistant, Research, Salmonella

Research – Multidrug-Resistant Salmonella Serotype Anatum in Travelers and Seafood from Asia, United States

Posted on April 26, 2020 by | Leave a comment

CDC

A multidrug-resistant Salmonella enterica serotype Anatum strain reported in Taiwan was isolated in the United States from patients and from seafood imported from Asia. Isolates harbored 11 resistance determinants, including quinolone and inducible cephalosporin resistance genes. Most patients had traveled to Asia. These findings underscore the need for global One Health resistance surveillance.

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Posted in Drug Resistance, drug resistant, food contamination, Food Hygiene, Food Illness, Food Inspections, Food Micro Blog, Food Microbiology, Food Microbiology Blog, Food Pathogen, Food Safety, Food Testing, Multi Drug Resistant, Salmonella, Uncategorized

Research – UK study: Food not likely source of drug resistant E coli.

Posted on October 28, 2019 by | Leave a comment

Cidrap

CDC E.coli

Image CDC

A large genomic epidemiology study by scientists in the United Kingdom has found that most bloodstream infections caused by drug-resistant Escherichia coli involve human-associated strains of the pathogen, with little contribution from the food chain.

The study, published yesterday in The Lancet Infectious Diseases, found that the extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing (ESBL) E coli sequence type (ST) 131 was the predominant strain found in bloodstream isolates, as well as in samples collected from human feces and sewage, while isolates from meat, veterinary diagnostic samples, and farm runoff were dominated by other ESBL E coli sequence types. Few drug-resistant E coli strains were shared among the animal and human isolates.

The authors of the study say the findings suggest that while ESBL E coli strains are widespread in humans, animals, and the environment, there’s little crossover between these strains, and efforts to reduce invasive ESBL E coli infections should focus on limiting human transmission.

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Posted in Drug Resistance, drug resistant, E.coli, ESBL, food contamination, Food Hygiene, Food Micro Blog, Food Microbiology, Food Microbiology Blog, Food Microbiology Research, Food Testing, Multi Drug Resistant, Research, Uncategorized