Category Archives: Research

Research – Synergistic effect of cinnamaldehyde and eugenol on the inhibition of Bacillus velezensis and the shelf life on quinoa fresh noodles

Wiley Online

The synergistic effects of eugenol and cinnamaldehyde (MEC) were firstly used for quinoa fresh noodles (QFN) preservation. The amount of eugenol and cinnamaldehyde in combination was reduced 75% MIC value and 50% MBC value compared to the single application of eugenol and cinnamaldehyde respectively. The shelf life of QFN was prolonged 2.5 times by MEC at 25°C. Besides, MEC can significantly maintain the texture and color of QFN with less odor impact. Further mechanisms of MEC in anti-Bacillus velezensis were suggested to affect the lag phase during growth, and disrupt the cell integrity with adenosine triphosphate and protein leakage. In addition, the observing winkle and break of cell membrane was also obtained by scanning electron microscope. Besides, a lower concentration of MEC inhibited the growth of biofilm. MEC did present a synergistic and strengthening antibacterial capacity in the inhibition of B. velezensis, and can be suggested as an antimicrobial agent in food preservations.

Research – Comprehensive Insights into Ochratoxin A: Occurrence, Analysis, and Control Strategies

MDPI

Abstract

Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a toxic mycotoxin produced by some mold species from genera Penicillium and Aspergillus. OTA has been detected in cereals, cereal-derived products, dried fruits, wine, grape juice, beer, tea, coffee, cocoa, nuts, spices, licorice, processed meat, cheese, and other foods. OTA can induce a wide range of health effects attributable to its toxicological properties, including teratogenicity, immunotoxicity, carcinogenicity, genotoxicity, neurotoxicity, and hepatotoxicity. OTA is not only toxic to humans but also harmful to livestock like cows, goats, and poultry. This is why the European Union and various countries regulate the maximum permitted levels of OTA in foods. This review intends to summarize all the main aspects concerning OTA, starting from the chemical structure and fungi that produce it, its presence in food, its toxicity, and methods of analysis, as well as control strategies, including both fungal development and methods of inactivation of the molecule. Finally, the review provides some ideas for future approaches aimed at reducing the OTA levels in foods.

UK – Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) data: 2021

Gov UK

Updated 18 April 2024

The main points of the 2021 annual report are:

Overall, 1,181 confirmed cases of STEC were reported in England during 2021, a decrease of 2% compared to 2020.

A total of 365 confirmed cases of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) O157 were reported in England in 2021, no change compared to 2020. A total of 1,234 confirmed cases of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) non-O157 were reported in England in 2021, an increase of 46% compared to 2020.

The lowest annual incidence of STEC O157 was in the East Midlands region (0.41 per 100,000 population) and the highest in the North East region (1.02 per 100,000 population). The lowest incidence of STEC non-O157 was in the Yorkshire and Humber region (0.62 per 100,000 population) and the highest in the London region (4.21 per 100,000 population).

Children aged 1 to 4 years had the highest annual incidence of infection due to STEC O157 (2.3 per 100,000 population, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.78 to 3.02). Children aged under 1 years had the highest incidence of infection due to STEC non O157 (7.08 per 100,000 population, 95% confidence interval (CI) 7.01 to 7.21).

Around a third (36%, 127 out of 365) of confirmed STEC O157 cases in England were hospitalised and 2% (6 out of 365) were reported to have developed haemolytic uraemic syndrome (HUS). Where information is available, two-thirds (65%, n=274 out of 431) of confirmed STEC non-O157 cases in England were hospitalised; and 1% (14 out of 1,234) of all STEC non-O157 were reported to have developed HUS).

A further 443 specimens in England were positive for stx genes on PCR at the Gastrointestinal Bacteria Reference Unit (GBRU), indicating STEC, but an organism was not cultured therefore a STEC serogroup could not be ascertained.

The most commonly isolated non-O157 STEC serogroup was STEC O26 (n=145 out of 786, 18%).

Four outbreaks of STEC in England involving 52 cases, ranging from 10 to 19 cases, were investigated in 2021: 2 involved STEC O157 and suspected vehicles were identified and 2 involved STEC O26 outbreaks and no vehicles were identified.

Since 2018, the number of STEC O157 notifications has declined and the number of STEC non-O157 has increased two-fold (218%). Overall, there is an increase in STEC notifications, and the burden placed on public health and clinical services is also increasing, especially given the two-fold increase in hospitalisation reported in 2021 for non-O157 cases.

Danish campaign results show Norovirus uncertainty

Food Safety News

According to the Danish food agency, there is still uncertainty among chefs and kitchen workers about the management of norovirus.

A Danish Veterinary and Food Administration (Fødevarestyrelsen) control and guidance campaign targeted restaurants, kitchens, and shops that supply ready-to-eat (RTE) food. Work involved 829 visits from June to November 2023.

The agency asked kitchen managers what steps they should take to prevent outbreaks. Some said they were unsure how far they could go concerning an employee’s illness and health.

Research – Health warning due to Aflatoxins in almonds linked to production of cancer cells

D1

The EU’s Rapid Alert System for Food and Feed (Rasf) has issued an alert after detecting its presence. aflatoxin above the permissible level in Almond Coming from the United States. The analysis has been done at border controls.

aflatoxins are Very poisonous mushroom and harmful for human consumption, is associated with chronic exposure to these substances production of cancer cells,

The notification states “Serious” risk When the analyzes conducted exceeded the maximum permitted level of this substance of 10 micrograms/kg – ppb. However, the RASF system does not offer any data related to the region of the country, the brand under which it is marketed or the plantation from which these contaminated almonds come.

In that sense, FACUA-Consumers in Action criticizes that the limited information published by the European Commission creates doubts about all almonds coming from the United States, since it is not the producing company or even the region of the country. Does not give details about. Which has been cultivated.

Researchers Estimate Leafy Greens Foodborne Illness Outbreaks Cost U.S. $5 Billion Annually

Food Safety.com

A recent review authored by researchers from Ohio State University has established pathogen-specific foodborne illness burden estimates for leafy greens in the U.S. by combining three outbreak-based attribution models with illness incidence and economic cost models.

Information – Listeria monocytogenes Contamination in Ready-to-Eat (RTE) Meats

Meriuex Nutriscience

The presence of Listeria monocytogenes, an environmental pathogen, poses significant risks to consumers. This bacterium, found in soil, water, and decaying vegetation, can contaminate various foods, potentially leading to mild listerial gastroenteritis or severe listeriosis, which carries a notably high mortality rate compared to other foodborne illnesses. Vulnerable populations such as pregnant women, the elderly, and individuals with weakened immune systems face the most significant risk of listeriosis from consuming contaminated foods.

Read more at the link above.

France – Cholera: the disease

Sante Publique

Digestive toxic infection , cholera is a notifiable disease due to the ingestion of water or food contaminated by the toxigenic Vibrio cholerae bacilli of serogroups O1 and O139.

Our missions

  • Monitor the epidemiological evolution of cholera and detect cases as soon as they are suspected
  • Allow preventive measures to be adapted to prevent the spread of the disease
  • Inform the general public.

Cholera is an acute digestive toxic infection due to the ingestion of water or food contaminated by toxigenic Vibrio cholerae bacilli of serogroups O1 and O139 (cholera vibrions).

Today, collective and individual sanitation and hygiene measures have led to the disappearance of cholera in France (excluding Guyana and Mayotte, where sporadic and limited epidemics were described in the decades 1990-2000 in the two previous decades). In mainland France, cholera, which is subject to mandatory notification , is in fact a rare imported pathology. Symptomatic cases of cholera are mainly linked to the consumption of contaminated drinks or food abroad.

Early reporting of suspected and confirmed cases, and notification of confirmed cases, takes place from a single case. They enable the management of imported cholera cases as quickly as possible. Between 0 and 2 cases of cholera have been declared each year in France since 2000, they concern travelers returning from endemic areas . This is a low and decreasing number.

Although rare in France, cholera can cause severe digestive symptoms and dehydration. Even if the risks of contamination and epidemic are very limited on French territory, the epidemiological surveillance of Public Health France requires the early reporting of cases as soon as this infection is suspected in order to prevent its spread.

UK – Waitrose points to ‘external factors’ for high Campylobacter results

Food Safety News

The Waitrose grocery chain blamed factors outside the control of the retailer and its supply base for poor Campylobacter in chicken results.

The Food Standards Agency (FSA) maximum target level is up to 7 percent of birds with more than 1,000 colony-forming units per gram (CFU/g) of Campylobacter.

Waitrose and Partners reported that 7.1 percent of chickens tested positive for Campylobacter above 1,000 CFU/g from October to December 2023.

Data from the retailers covers the second half of 2023 on high findings of Campylobacter in fresh, shop-bought, UK-produced chickens.

The Sainsbury’s chain has joined retailer Tesco in stopping publishing related data.

“The safety of our products is extremely important to us and we have a range of processes in place to monitor and limit levels of Campylobacter in our fresh chicken. We have consistently achieved the FSA target for Campylobacter levels for several years, so we will no longer be formally reporting on this,” said a Sainsbury’s spokesperson.

Sainsbury’s Campylobacter results for Q2 2023 showed that 1 percent of chickens had levels above 1,000 CFU/g compared to 3 percent in Q1.

Aldi has not updated its related webpage or provided the figures when Food Safety News asked it to do so. The latest data from Q4 2022 shows that 1.7 percent of chickens had levels above 1,000 CFU/g.

Co-op reported chickens contaminated at levels greater than 1,000 CFU/g for the first time since Q3 2021. In Q3 2023, 3.5 percent were above 1,000 CFU/g; in Q4, the figure was 2.6 percent.

Lidl recorded 4 percent of birds in the highest category from July to September and above 2 percent from October to December 2023. The figures were almost 2 percent in the highest category from April to June and 4 percent from January to March.

Marks and Spencer had 1 percent of samples in the top threshold in July, none in August, and 4 percent in September from 376 samples. The retailer also had 3 percent above 1,000 CFU/g in October, none in November, and 3.85 percent in December.

Marks and Spencer had no samples at the highest level from April to June. It also had none above 1,000 CFU/g in January and 1 percent each in February and March 2023 from 376 samples.

Asda reported that 2.42 percent of samples were above 1,000 CFU/g in the third quarter of 2023 and 3.33 percent in the fourth quarter. This compares to 3.6 percent in the first quarter and 3.5 percent in the second quarter.

Morrisons had no chickens contaminated above 1,000 CFU/g for both quarters, compared to 2.3 percent from April to June and 2.4 percent from January to March 2023.

Read in full at the link above.

EU – Listeria monocytogenes in ready-to-eat foods – update of safety criteria –

EC Europa

About this initiative

Summary

This initiative aims to align EU rules with international ‘Codex alimentarius’ standards on the acceptable level of contamination by Listeria monocytogenes of certain categories of ready-to eat food sold on the EU market.

The main objective is to protect consumers’ health while facilitating official controls carried out by the competent authorities in EU countries.

Topic
Food safety
Type of act
Regulation
Committee

Draft act

FEEDBACK: OPEN
Feedback period
10 April 2024 – 08 May 2024  (midnight Brussels time)

The Commission would like to hear your views.

This draft act is open for feedback for 4 weeks. Feedback will be taken into account for finalising this initiative. Feedback received will be published on this site and therefore must adhere to the feedback rules.

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Draft regulation – Ares(2024)2627325
English
(362.3 KB – PDF – 3 pages)

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Annex – Ares(2024)2627325
English
(314.1 KB – PDF – 3 pages)

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