Category Archives: Microbiological Risk Assessment

EU – Oysters linked to 170 illnesses in Finland; people sick in other countries – Norovirus

Posted on March 22, 2023 by | Leave a comment

Food Safety News

french oysters

Contaminated shellfish are continuing to cause illnesses in several European countries and Hong Kong.

At least 170 people have fallen ill in Helsinki, Finland, after eating oysters in various restaurants in February and March. Cases have also been reported in other Finnish cities.

Norovirus has been found in nine different oyster batches with two from the Netherlands, six from France, and one from Ireland. Importers have withdrawn affected batches from the market.

Officials have tested food from restaurants and taken patient samples, finding norovirus. Some of those sick reported eating oysters.

A report on the outbreak is being prepared for the Finnish Food Authority (Ruokavirasto) and the Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL).

Norovirus is the most commonly identified cause of foodborne outbreaks in Finland. Between 2017 and 2021, oysters caused 11 norovirus outbreaks in which more than 110 people fell ill.

Finland has published four Rapid Alert System for Food and Feed (RASFF) alerts on food poisoning due to norovirus in oysters since late February.

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Posted in food bourne outbreak, Food Illness, Food Micro Blog, Food Microbiology, Food Microbiology Blog, Food Microbiology Research, Food Microbiology Testing, Foodborne Illness, foodborne outbreak, foodbourne outbreak, Illness, microbial contamination, Microbial growth, Microbiological Risk Assessment, Microbiology, Microbiology Investigations, Microbiology Risk, Norovirus, Norovirus Oysters, outbreak

Research – Aged meat not riskier than fresh meat

Posted on March 21, 2023 by | Leave a comment

EFSA

Aged meat does not pose any additional risks compared to fresh meat if it is aged under controlled conditions, EFSA experts concluded in a scientific opinion released today.

Meat ageing is a process during which microbes and enzymes act upon the meat to break down the connective tissue, thereby tenderising the meat and giving it a richer flavour. This can be done through two main methods: wet ageing and dry ageing. Wet ageing is used for beef, pork and lamb that is stored and refrigerated in a vacuum package, while dry aged beef is refrigerated without packaging which results in a dry surface that is cut off before preparation.

“Aged meat has risen in popularity in recent years among the food industry and restaurants yet until now there has been a lack of knowledge about its safety. EFSA’s advice contributes to fill that gap and provides a solid scientific basis for food business operators to produce aged meat that is safe,” said the Chair of EFSA’s Panel on Biological Hazards, Prof Kostas Koutsoumanis.

There are no additional risks involved provided that the specific combination of time and temperature identified in the scientific opinion are observed during the ageing process, said EFSA’s experts. For example, dry aged beef can be considered as safe as fresh beef if ageing is done for up to 35 days at a temperature of 3°C or lower.

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Posted in EFSA, Food Micro Blog, Food Microbiology, Food Microbiology Blog, Food Microbiology Research, Food Microbiology Testing, microbial contamination, Microbial growth, Microbiological Risk Assessment, Microbiology, Microbiology Investigations, Microbiology Risk

Research – EFSA – Crunch time for insects?

Posted on March 21, 2023 by | Leave a comment

EFSA

What’s your idea of a tasty snack? Fruit, biscuits, bread and jam perhaps? What would you say if you were offered something more adventurous – fried crickets or grasshoppers? Popular in some countries such as Thailand and Mexico, they are often eaten with chili and lime. In Europe, reactions are mixed! Our expert Ermolaos Ververis explains how EFSA’s novel foods team assesses whether foods such as insects are safe, and he makes us rethink what we know as staple foods in Europe. Come join us for this episode of Science on the Menu, where we even put these questions to the test.

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Posted in Decontamination Microbial, EFSA, Food Micro Blog, Food Microbiology, Food Microbiology Blog, Food Microbiology Testing, microbial contamination, Microbial growth, Microbiological Risk Assessment, Microbiology, Microbiology Investigations, Microbiology Risk

USA – Resources for the Control of Listeria monocytogenes for Manufacturers of Soft Fresh Queso Fresco-type CheesesUSA –

Posted on March 21, 2023 by | Leave a comment

FDA

Summary of FDA’s Strategy to Help Prevent Listeriosis Outbreaks Associated with Soft Fresh Queso Fresco-Type Cheeses

This fact sheet is intended to help Queso Fresco-type soft cheese manufacturing groups further their understanding of possible food safety risks that can occur in production and the resources available to help them consistently produce safe food.

What are soft Queso Fresco-type cheeses?

Soft Queso Fresco-type (QFT) cheeses are fresh, unripe cheeses that do not go through a significant aging process. These types of cheeses are white/off-white in color and very moist. They also have a low salt and acid content, which gives them a shorter shelf life compared to that of other aged cheeses. This also means soft QFT cheeses must always be refrigerated. Depending on the country of origin, some of the more popular fresh, soft QFT cheeses are labeled as either Latin-style or Mexican-style cheeses. Well-known examples of QFT cheeses include Oaxaca, Asadero, Queso Blanco, Queso Fresco, Requeson, and Panela, amongst others [1],[2].

What are some concerns with soft Queso Fresco-type cheeses?

The pathogen of primary concern among soft QFT cheeses is Listeria monocytogenes (L. monocytogenes), a type of disease-causing bacteria that specifically causes the infection listeriosis. Outbreaks of listeriosis have been linked with soft QFT cheeses made from raw milk or those that contain ingredients that were contaminated somewhere during the cheese-making process.  Historical outbreaks of listeriosis have been associated with QFT made from unpasteurized milk, but recent outbreaks have been caused by cheeses made from pasteurized milk that was contaminated during the cheese-making process. The soft QFT cheeses linked to past outbreaks were often manufactured by smaller-scale producers. These outbreaks have often affected a higher proportion of pregnant Hispanic women and their newborns. Listeriosis infections in pregnant women can result in serious illness, miscarriage, or even stillbirth. Older adults, newborns, and people with weakened immune systems are also at higher risk for developing serious symptoms associated with listeriosis. In addition to the risk of listeriosis linked to soft QFT cheese, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has reported multiple outbreaks linked to other pathogenic bacteria in these products, including Salmonella, Campylobacter jejuni, and Brucella [3],[4].

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Posted in Decontamination Microbial, Food Micro Blog, Food Microbiology, Food Microbiology Blog, Food Microbiology Research, Food Microbiology Testing, Food Safety, Food Safety Management, Food Safety Regulations, food safety training, Listeria, Listeria in Cheese, Listeria monocytogenes, microbial contamination, Microbial growth, Microbiological Risk Assessment, Microbiology, Microbiology Investigations, Microbiology Risk

USA – Raw milk bill requires Hawaii Legislature to choose between health risks or food security

Posted on March 21, 2023 by | Leave a comment

Food Safety News

Hawaii House Bill 521 reads like another attempt to weaken the regulation of raw milk until you notice that the year 3000 is currently listed as the effective date. That might be a long wait for those who want to legalize raw milk and raw milk products in the Aloha State including the bill’s powerful author.

Nevertheless, HB521 is getting serious consideration from Hawaii’s legislative committee. The bill has already been heard by the House Finance Committee and the Committee on Consumer Protection and Commerce. Those two committees agree that the purpose of HB 521 is to:

1) Authorize and decriminalize the sale of raw milk and raw milk products directly to consumers for human consumption, subject to certain conditions; and

(2) Authorize the sale of raw goat milk for pet consumption, subject to certain conditions.

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Posted in Decontamination Microbial, Food Micro Blog, Food Microbiology, Food Microbiology Blog, Food Microbiology Research, Food Microbiology Testing, Food Safety, Food Safety Management, food safety training, microbial contamination, Microbial growth, Microbiological Risk Assessment, Microbiology, Microbiology Investigations, Microbiology Risk, Raw Milk, Raw Milk Cream

USA – Two pet food companies warned after Salmonella and Listeria found in finished products

Posted on March 20, 2023 by | Leave a comment

Food Safety News

As part of its enforcement activities, the Food and Drug Administration sends warning letters to entities under its jurisdiction. Some letters are not posted for public view until weeks or months after they are sent. Business owners have 15 days to respond to FDA warning letters. Warning letters often are not issued until a company has been given months to years to correct problems.

Primal Pet Foods
Fairfield, CA

An animal food firm in California is on notice from the FDA for serious violations of the FDA’s Current Good Manufacturing Practice, Hazard Analysis and Risk-Based Preventive Controls for Food for Animals regulation, including Listeria found in the finished product. Pathogens in pet food can make people as well as pets sick.

Arrow Reliance Inc.
Tukwila, WA

An animal food firm in Washington is on notice from the FDA for not being in compliance with FDA regulations due to adulterated animal food, including finished products with Salmonella. Pathogens in pet food can make people as well as pets sick.

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Posted in Animal Feed, Animal Feed Salmonella, Animal Feed Testing, FDA, Food Micro Blog, Food Microbiology Blog, microbial contamination, Microbial growth, Microbiological Risk Assessment, Microbiology, Microbiology Investigations, Microbiology Risk, Pet Food, Pet Food Salmonella, Pet Food Testing

Research – A Bit(e) of History of Hepatitis A and Frozen Fruits and Vegetables

Posted on March 20, 2023 by | Leave a comment

Marler Blog

Another Hepatitis A outbreak appears to be brewing in the US linked to imported frozen strawberries. Here is a bit(e) of a compilation of past outbreaks.

Hepatitis A outbreaks associated with fresh, frozen, and minimally processed produce worldwide from 1983 to 2022—adapted and expanded from Sivapalasingam et al., 2004 and Fiore, 2004. Italics indicate instances where the food was locally sourced with respect to the cases. The implicated foods were raw unless listed otherwise.

Hepatitis A outbreaks associated with fresh, frozen, and minimally processed produce, worldwide, from 1983 to 2022 see the table at the link above.

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Posted in Food Micro Blog, Food Microbiology, Food Microbiology Blog, Food Microbiology Research, Food Microbiology Testing, Food Virus, Hepatitis A, microbial contamination, Microbiological Risk Assessment, Microbiology, Microbiology Investigations, Microbiology Risk, Virus

Singapore – Downgrading of food shop Rasel Catering Singapore Pte Ltd (253 Pandan Loop, Singapore 128432) due to food poisoning incident

Posted on March 20, 2023 by | Leave a comment

SFA

345 persons were reported to have developed gastroenteritis symptoms after consuming food prepared by Rasel Catering Singapore Pte Ltdbetween 8 and 16 November 2022. None of them were hospitalised.
A joint investigation by the Ministry of Health and the Singapore Food Agency (SFA) was conducted following the incident. Several hygiene lapses were identified during the inspections of the food shop on 10 and 18 November 2022, and SFA will be taking enforcement actions against the licensee for these lapses.
SFA has adjusted the food shop’s food hygiene grade from “A” to “C” with effect from 17 March 2023, to be reviewed in 12 months. The premises will also be kept under surveillance.
Food operators are reminded to adhere to good food hygiene and safety processes. Good hygiene practices such as the washing of hands before handling food can greatly reduce the incidence of gastroenteritis when adopted by all key stakeholders, including the industry and public
The information provided on this website should not be used as basis for any legal proceedings. Neither SFA nor any of its employees involved in the supply of the above information shall be liable for any loss or damage suffered by any member of the public by reason of any error or omission of whatever nature appearing therein or however caused.

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Posted in Decontamination Microbial, Food Micro Blog, Food Microbiology, Food Microbiology Blog, Food Microbiology Research, Food Microbiology Testing, Food Poisoning, microbial contamination, Microbial growth, Microbiological Risk Assessment, Microbiology, Microbiology Investigations, Microbiology Risk, Poisoning

Research – Microbiological Quality and Safety of Fresh Turkey Meat at Retail Level, Including the Presence of ESBL-Producing Enterobacteriaceae and Methicillin-Resistant S. aureus

Posted on March 19, 2023 by | Leave a comment

MDPI

Abstract

The aim of this work was to study the microbiological safety and quality of marketed fresh turkey meat, with special emphasis on methicillin-resistant S. aureus, ESBL-producing E. coli, and K. pneumoniae. A total of 51 fresh turkey meat samples were collected at retail level in Spain. Mesophile, Pseudomonas spp., enterococci, Enterobacteriaceae, and staphylococci counts were 5.10 ± 1.36, 3.17 ± 0.87, 2.03 ± 0.58, 3.18 ± 1.00, and 2.52 ± 0.96 log CFU/g, respectively. Neither Campylobacter spp. nor Clostridium perfringens was detected in any sample. ESBL-producing K. pneumoniae and E. coli were detected in 22 (43.14%), and three (5.88%) samples, respectively, all of which were multi-resistant. Resistance to antimicrobials of category A (monobactams, and glycilcyclines) and category B (cephalosporins of third or fourth generation, polymixins, and quinolones), according to the European Medicine Agency classification, was found among the Enterobacteriaceae isolates. S. aureus and methicillin-resistant S. aureus were detected in nine (17.65%) and four samples (7.84%), respectively. Resistance to antimicrobials of category A (mupirocin, linezolid, rifampicin, and vancomycin) and category B (cephalosporins of third- or fourth generation) was found among S. aureus, coagulase-negative staphylococci, and M. caseolyticus isolates.

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Posted in Enterococcus, ESBL, Food Micro Blog, Food Microbiology, Food Microbiology Blog, Food Microbiology Research, Food Microbiology Testing, Food Pathogen, microbial contamination, Microbial growth, Microbiological Risk Assessment, Microbiology, Microbiology Investigations, Microbiology Risk, MRSA, Pathogen, Staphylococcal Toxin, Staphylococcus aureus

Research – Evaluation of Biofilm Cultivation Models for Efficacy Testing of Disinfectants against Salmonella Typhimurium Biofilms

Posted on March 19, 2023 by | Leave a comment

MDPI

Abstract

Within the European Union, Salmonella is frequently reported in food and feed products. A major route of transmission is upon contact with contaminated surfaces. In nature, bacteria such as Salmonella are often encountered in biofilms, where they are protected against antibiotics and disinfectants. Therefore, the removal and inactivation of biofilms is essential to ensure hygienic conditions. Currently, recommendations for disinfectant usage are based on results of efficacy testing against planktonic bacteria. There are no biofilm-specific standards for the efficacy testing of disinfectants against Salmonella. Here, we assessed three models for disinfectant efficacy testing on Salmonella Typhimurium biofilms. Achievable bacterial counts per biofilm, repeatability, and intra-laboratory reproducibility were analyzed. Biofilms of two Salmonella strains were grown on different surfaces and treated with glutaraldehyde or peracetic acid. Disinfectant efficacy was compared with results for planktonic Salmonella. All methods resulted in highly repeatable cell numbers per biofilm, with one assay showing variations of less than 1 log10 CFU in all experiments for both strains tested. Disinfectant concentrations required to inactivate biofilms were higher compared to planktonic cells. Differences were found between the biofilm methods regarding maximal achievable cell numbers, repeatability, and intra-laboratory reproducibility of results, which may be used to identify the most appropriate method in relation to application context. Developing a standardized protocol for testing disinfectant efficacy on biofilms will help identify conditions that are effective against biofilms.

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Posted in Biofilm, Decontamination Microbial, Food Micro Blog, Food Microbiology, Food Microbiology Blog, Food Microbiology Research, Food Microbiology Testing, microbial contamination, Microbial growth, Microbiological Risk Assessment, Microbiology, Microbiology Investigations, Microbiology Risk, Salmonella