Category Archives: foodborne outbreak

Research – Epidemiological Data Mining for Assisting with Foodborne Outbreak Investigation

MDPI

Abstract

Diseases caused by the consumption of food are a significant but avoidable public health issue, and identifying the source of contamination is a key step in an outbreak investigation to prevent foodborne illnesses. Historical foodborne outbreaks provide rich data on critical attributes such as outbreak factors, food vehicles, and etiologies, and an improved understanding of the relationships between these attributes could provide insights for developing effective food safety interventions. The purpose of this study was to identify hidden patterns underlying the relations between the critical attributes involved in historical foodborne outbreaks through data mining approaches. A statistical analysis was used to identify the associations between outbreak factors and food sources, and the factors that were strongly significant were selected as predictive factors for food vehicles. A multinomial prediction model was built based on factors selected for predicting “simple” foods (beef, dairy, and vegetables) as sources of outbreaks. In addition, the relations between the food vehicles and common etiologies were investigated through text mining approaches (support vector machines, logistic regression, random forest, and naïve Bayes). A support vector machine model was identified as the optimal model to predict etiologies from the occurrence of food vehicles. Association rules also indicated the specific food vehicles that have strong relations to the etiologies. Meanwhile, a food ingredient network describing the relationships between foods and ingredients was constructed and used with Monte Carlo simulation to predict possible ingredients from foods that cause an outbreak. The simulated results were confirmed with foods and ingredients that are already known to cause historical foodborne outbreaks. The method could provide insights into the prediction of the possible ingredient sources of contamination when given the name of a food. The results could provide insights into the early identification of food sources of contamination and assist in future outbreak investigations. The data-driven approach will provide a new perspective and strategies for discovering hidden knowledge from massive data.

France Two people in deadly Botulism outbreak remain in hospital

Food Safety News

According to researchers, at least two patients in a botulism outbreak in France remain in hospital.

The study covered eight individuals from four countries admitted to the intensive care unit at Bordeaux University Hospital, where six required invasive mechanical ventilation. Cases reported consuming locally produced canned sardines at a Tchin Tchin Wine Bar restaurant.

As of Oct. 12, six of them had been discharged, but two people still needed mechanical ventilation, according to the study published in the journal Eurosurveillance.

Ireland – Rise in travel-related Cryptosporidium cases prompts warning

Food Safety News

Irish health officials have issued a warning after recording a rise in cryptosporidium infections in people returning from abroad.

The Health Service Executive (HSE) in Ireland said increased levels of cryptosporidiosis have been reported from areas of Spain, including Salou in Catalonia, in the past month. A parasite causes the infection, and symptoms include diarrhea and vomiting.

The agency advised people to take extra hygiene precautions when traveling overseas.

There has been a widespread increase in cryptosporidiosis in Europe in August and September that has been attributed to extreme weather in Europe, primarily Mediterranean countries, over the summer.

More than 50 people have fallen sick, with 37 lab-confirmed cases. So far this year, 656 infections have been reported in Ireland compared to 510 in the same period in 2022.

Kenya – 174 Students Of Amabuko Secondary School Hospitalised With Stomach Pains, Diarrhoea

Citizen Digital

A total of 174 students from Amabuko Secondary School in Masaba, Kisii County, have been admitted to hospital, with school Principal Rawlings Juma confirming that the students had diarrhea and vomiting symptoms.According to reports, 23 students were treated at Keroka Sub County Hospital for severe stomach pains, with an additional 76 students admitted to Gucha Maternity Hospital and 55 others admitted to St Catherine Ichuni Mission Hospital, all of whom were experiencing similar symptoms.

While the exact cause of the illness is unknown, food poisoning is suspected due to a meal consumed by the students on Sunday night.

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), common symptoms of food poisoning, including diarrhea, stomach pain, nausea, vomiting, and fever.

Reports indicate that the students who consumed a meal of kale during supper are among those affected, while their peers who had cabbage appeared unaffected .

USA- Virgin Voyages’ Scarlet Lady reports gastroenteritis on cruise ending today – Norovirus?

Sea Trade

During Scarlet Lady’s current five-day cruise, just above 3% of passengers experienced symptoms of acute gastroenteritis, commonly referred to as stomach flu.

‘Our medical team isolated these travelers, and we immediately enacted enhanced sanitization procedures including additional cleaning of cabins and high-contact areas around the ship,’ a Virgin Voyages spokesperson said. ‘We are working closely with the CDC and their medical professionals. There is currently no impact to the upcoming voyage’s departure time or ports of call.’

Research – 2022 Mystery Salmonella Outbreak solved – It’s Cantaloupe – but the FDA will not tell us who grew them

Food Poison Journal

In August 2022, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), and state partners conducted an outbreak investigation into a multistate outbreak of Salmonella Typhimurium linked to cantaloupe.

  • Total Illnesses: 87
  • Hospitalizations: 32
  • Deaths: 0
  • Last Illness Onset: September 11, 2022
  • States with Cases: GA (1), IL (5), IN (17), IA (38), KY (3), MI (3), MN (4), MO (2), OH (3), SC (1), WI (10)

USA – FDA – Core Outbreak Table

FDA

What’s New

  • For the outbreak of Salmonella Thompson (ref #1190) linked to a not yet identified product, the case count has increased from 64 to 67 and FDA has initiated traceback.
  • For the outbreak of Salmonella Newport (ref #1179), the outbreak has ended, and the FDA investigation is closed. Based on CDC’s epidemiological investigation, ill people reported eating watermelon and/or cantaloupe before becoming sick and a majority of illnesses were geographically grouped in the Midwest. Investigators were unable to determine a specific product or source of contamination while the outbreak was still considered ongoing. Currently, there is no risk to the public, as all product is no longer on the market. As part of this investigation, samples were collected and analyzed. Three environmental samples collected from farms in the Southwest Indiana growing region were reported as positive and matched the strain of Salmonella Newport that caused illnesses in this outbreak. Additionally, samples collected from a farm of interest and surrounding areas were reported as positive for Salmonella and also matched strains that have caused previous outbreaks, including those discussed in the 2022 Outbreak Investigation Report of Salmonella Typhimurium Illnesses Potentially Linked to Cantaloupe. This year’s findings indicate continued presence of food safety concerns  linked to melons from the Southwest Indiana growing region.

USA – Raw milk identified as cause of Campylobacteriosis outbreak in Utah

Food Safety News

Public health officials in Salt Lake County are investigating an outbreak associated with raw, unpasteurized milk.

The Salt Lake County Health Department has confirmed 14 people with infections from campylobacter. All but two of the patients reported drinking raw milk before becoming sick, according to a notice from the department.

The department reported that the patients range from 2 to 73 years old. One of them was hospitalized.

As of Wednesday, Oct. 11, the health department reported that the source of the raw milk had not been determined. The department is urging people only to drink milk that has been pasteurized.

The federal Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the Food and Drug Administration, and most state and local health departments also recommend against consuming unpasteurized raw milk and its products. Raw dairy products can contain pathogens like Listeria, E. coli, campylobacter, Salmonella, and hepatitis A.

Norway – Ongoing outbreak of E.coli

Matportalen

At the end of July, the Norwegian Food Safety Authority was notified by the Institute of Public Health about a national outbreak of the gastrointestinal bacterium EHEC. Infection was then detected in a small number of people, living in different parts of the country. An outbreak investigation was initiated in collaboration between the Norwegian Food Safety Authority, the Norwegian Institute of Public Health, the Veterinary Institute and municipal chief medical officers.

In the outbreak investigation, the same bacteria that has made people sick has been found in hamburgers. Raw material that was used to make the hamburgers has also been used to make a number of other meat products that have been withdrawn from the market.

– The Norwegian Food Safety Authority always recommends that hamburgers should be thoroughly cooked in order for them to be safe. Also wash hands and equipment after touching both frozen and fresh hamburgers. The bacteria withstand freezing well, says Catherine Signe Svindland, senior adviser in the biological food safety section of the Norwegian Food Safety Authority. 

Also read: Is it risky to eat medium fried hamburgers?

Infection has so far been detected in 20 people. More than half of those infected are children under the age of 13. Seven of the children have developed the serious complication hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS). Read more about this at the Institute of Public Health: Serious E.coli outbreak is not over

The outbreak investigation is still ongoing. There may be further withdrawals.

Products that have been withdrawn from the market:

General advice on good kitchen hygiene

  • All stuffed foods (minced meat, hamburgers, meatballs, etc.) must be well done or cooked through.  
  • Other meat products should be well cooked on the surface.  
  • Wash your hands well if you have touched meat and meat products, including frozen ones.  
  • Avoid unpasteurized milk and products made from unpasteurized milk.  
  • Vegetables to be eaten raw should be rinsed well and dried.  
  • Store food at refrigeration temperature (+4°C).  
  • Wash hands after using the toilet, after contact with animals and before cooking and eating. EHEC is very easily transmitted between people.  
  • Wash knives, cutting blades and kitchen equipment that have been contaminated by raw and frozen ingredients before using the equipment for other food. 

Nearly 900 get food poisoning at ‘nagashi somen’ restaurant – Campylobacter

ASAHI

KANAZAWA—Close to 900 people suffered from food poisoning after eating at a “nagashi somen” restaurant in Tsubata, Ishikawa Prefecture.

Nagashi somen is a practice in which customers use chopsticks to try to scoop up thin somen noodles as they flow down a bamboo chute filled with running water.

The Ishikawa prefectural government announced on Oct. 6 that 892 people were certified with food poisoning after dining at the restaurant between Aug. 11 and 17, during the Bon holiday season. While none suffered serious symptoms, 22 were hospitalized.

Many complained of diarrhea and a fever, and 611 were treated at hospitals.

The prefectural government said 1,298 customers submitted complaints, of whom the 892 were certified. They came from 18 prefectures around Japan, including Ishikawa, Toyama, Tokyo, Osaka and Aichi.

Customers who ate the nagashi somen, salt-grilled mountain trout or shaved ice came down with the symptoms, leading the prefectural government to check on the springwater the restaurant used. Officials found campylobacter, a type of bacteria that causes diarrhea, in the water.

The prefectural government ordered the restaurant to suspend operations.