Category Archives: Uncategorized

Research – Identification and genotyping of Listeria monocytogenes in the chicken shredding line

Wiley Online

Abstract

The present research was carried out to determine the presence of Listeria monocytogenes in the equipment, staff, and products in the chicken shredding facilities operating in Samsun, and to serotype and genotype the isolates by PCR and PFGE analysis, respectively. Of the total of 192 samples tested, 25 were found to be L. monocytogenes positive from which 51 isolates were acquired. In serotyping of the 51 isolates; 47 (92.2%) and four isolates (7.8%) were identified as 1/2a (3a) and 1/2c (3c), respectively. Twenty‐six of the 51 isolates (51%) were resistant to at least one antibiotic, and 13 (25.5%) were resistant to more than one antibiotic. In the PFGE evaluation, at least 80% similarity was taken as a basis, and in the dendrogram, it was determined as a result of restricting with the Apal enzyme that the isolates were distributed to 25 different clusters and 45 subsets, and as a result of restricting with the AscI enzyme, they were distributed to 29 different clusters and 36 subsets.

Practical Application

Listeria monocytogenes constitutes a major problem for the food industry due to its widespread availability in nature and its role as an environmental contaminant in food processing plants.

USA – Plastikon Healthcare Issues Voluntary Nationwide Recall of Milk of Magnesia Oral Suspension 2400 mg/30 mL due to Microbial Contamination

FDA

Summary

Company Announcement Date:
FDA Publish Date:
Product Type:
Drugs
Reason for Announcement:
Microbial Contamination
Company Name:
Plastikon Healthcare
Brand Name:
Major Pharmaceuticals
Product Description:
Milk of Magnesia Oral Suspension 2400 mg/30 ml

Company Announcement

Lawrence, KS, Plastikon Healthcare, LLC is voluntarily recalling Milk of Magnesia 2400 mg/30 mL Oral Suspension, lots 19027D and 19027E, to the patient level. Plastikon Healthcare initiated this recall because these product lots did not meet Plastikon’s in-house microbiological specification for Total Aerobic Microbial Count.

This product is packaged for institutional use and is sold to clinics and hospitals, the patient population most likely to use the product are likely immunocompromised. Patients with compromised immune systems, such as patients in hospitals and nursing homes, have a higher probability of developing potentially life-threatening infections after taking a contaminated product. To date, Plastikon has not received any customer complaints or reports of adverse events related to this issue. Milk of Magnesia 2400 mg/ 30 mL is indicated for the occasional relief of constipation (irregularity) in adults and children 12 years and older or for children under 12 as recommended by a doctor.

Milk of Magnesia 2400 mg/ 30 mL Oral Suspension is privately labeled by Major Pharmaceuticals® and packaged in cartons as indicated below. The affected lots were distributed to Major Pharmaceuticals Distribution Center (wholesaler), who may have shipped to clinics, hospitals and healthcare providers, in the United States, in August 2019.

Carton NDC Lot Number Expiration Date Strength Configuration/Count
0904-6846-73 19027D 2021 July 2400 mg/30 mL Carton containing 100 single dose cups (10 trays x 10 cups)
0904-6846-73 19027E 2021 July 2400 mg/30 mL Carton containing 100 single dose cups (10 trays x 10 cups)

Plastikon Healthcare places the utmost emphasis on patient safety and product quality at every step in the manufacturing and supply chain process. Plastikon Healthcare has notified its direct customers via a recall letter to arrange for return of any recalled product.

Anyone with an existing inventory of the lots, which are being recalled, should stop use and distribution and quarantine immediately. Inform healthcare professionals in your organization of this recall. For clinics, hospitals, or healthcare providers that have dispensed product to patients, please notify these patients regarding the recall. For additional assistance, call Plastikon Healthcare at 785-330-7100 (Monday through Friday, 8 a.m. to 5 p.m. CST).

For clinical inquiries, please contact Plastikon Healthcare using the below information.

Contact Center Contact Information Area of Support
Plastikon Healthcare 816-721-3269 (24 hours a day 7 days per week) To report adverse events or product complaints

Patients who are taking this product should consult with their healthcare provider or pharmacy to determine if they have the affected product lots. Patients with the affected lots should return the product to their pharmacy or contact Plastikon Healthcare (785-330-7100) for instructions on how to return their product and obtain reimbursement for their cost. Consumers should contact their physician or healthcare provider if they have experienced any problems that may be related to taking or using this drug product.

Adverse reactions or quality problems experienced with the use of this product may be reported to the FDA’s MedWatch Adverse Event Reporting program either online, by regular mail or by fax.

  • Complete and submit the report Online
  • Regular Mail or Fax: Download form or call 1- 800-332-1088 to request a reporting form, then complete and return to the address on the pre-addressed form, or submit by fax to 1-800-FDA-0178

This recall is being conducted with the knowledge of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.

Milk of Magnesia label, top view

Research – Eugenol as an antimicrobial wash treatment reduces Campylobacter jejuni in postharvest poultry

Wiley Online

campy2

Image CDC

Abstract

The efficacy of the natural plant‐derived compound, eugenol (EG), as an antimicrobial wash treatment to reduce Campylobacter jejuni in postharvest poultry was investigated. The antimicrobial efficacy of EG was studied as a suspension, emulsion, or nanoemulsion treatment (two trials each). In each trial, chicken skin samples were inoculated with C. jejuni (∼7.2 Log CFU/sample), washed with treatments (0, 0.125, 0.25, 0.5, 1, or 2% EG corresponds to 0, 7.61, 15.22, 30.45, 60.90, or 121.8 mM, respectively) for 1 min, drip dried for 2 min, and then processed at 0, 8, and 24 hr of refrigerated storage (n = 5 samples/treatment/time point). All doses of the EG suspension consistently reduced C. jejuni counts with the greatest reduction (>2.0 Log CFU/sample) for the 2% dose when compared with controls (p < .05). EG emulsions or nanoemulsions did not provide any additional reduction in C. jejuni when compared to EG suspension. Our results suggest that EG could be an effective postharvest intervention strategy for reducing C. jejuni contamination on poultry products.

Practical Applications

Campylobacter jejuni, a leading cause of foodborne illness in humans, is strongly associated with the consumption of contaminated poultry products. Interventions reducing C. jejuni contamination in poultry would reduce the risk of subsequent human infections. In this study, the antimicrobial efficacy of eugenol was studied in three different delivery systems; suspension, emulsion, or nanoemulsion. Our results demonstrated that eugenol was effective in reducing C. jejuni counts on chicken skin and can be used as a potential strategy to reduce Campylobacter on poultry products.

USA – MDH Sambar Masala recalled for Salmonella risk

Food Safety News Screen Shot 2019-09-08 at 5.17.26 PM

House of Spices (India), packaging products under MDH brand names, is recalling various lots of “MDH SAMBAR MASALA” because of the risk of Salmonella contamination, according to a  recall notice posted on the FDA’s website.

The recalled product, produced by R-Pure Agro Specialities and distributed by House of Spices (India), were sold in retail grocery stores in Northern California.

USA – New Jersey Department of Health on Hepatitis A at Mendham Golf and Tennis Club

Food Poison Journal

The New Jersey Department of Health is working with the Mendham Township Health Department and the Mendham Golf and Tennis Club (MGTC) in response to a hepatitis A outbreak related to a food handler at the club. MGTC is a members only club.

Hepatitis A is an immediately reportable condition to the Department and the local health department; through this mechanism this case was identified.    The Department of Health is supporting the Mendham Township Health Department—which began immediately investigating. The food handler was excluded from work and a review of other food handlers for vaccination and proof of immunity was conducted.  Close contacts of the food handler were identified and given prophylaxis (vaccine or medication to prevent illness after exposure).

USA – Shigella Outbreak in Amador County

Outbreak News Today

Shigella - kswfoodworld

Image CDC

Amador County health officials announced this week that they are currently investigating a Shigella outbreak in their county. According to the announcement, there is a “significant increase in acute frequent diarrhea is being reported in Amador County.” The county, however, did not state how many illnesses are involved or the medical status of those who are sick. 
It is believed that the health department has determined the source but has been mum about naming it. The health department’s statement noted that: “Amador County Environmental Health and Public Health are completing an investigation and have enforced food safety practices at a lone establishment associated with reports of this illness.”

USA – Salmonella Outbreak Associated With Restore Public House in La Crosse WI

Food Poisoning Bulletin

A Salmonella outbreak associated with steak tartare served at Restore Public House in La Crosse, Wisconsin has sickened 17 people, Jen Rombalski, Health Director of the La Crosse County Health Department told Food Poisoning Bulletin in an email. Steak tartare is made from beef that is finely chopped, mixed with other ingredients, and served raw.

This food is considered “high risk.” The restaurant prepared it properly, according to public health officials. Restaurants can serve these foods, according to Ms. Rombalski, as long as they post an advisory telling consumers that the food is risky to consume.

USA – FDA Advises Consumers Not to Eat Yellowfin Tuna Steaks from Kroger Retail Stores in Multiple States

FDA

Audience

  • Consumers who recently experienced symptoms of scombroid poisoning after eating yellowfin tuna steaks.
  • Consumers who purchased yellowfin tuna steaks from Kroger retail stores in AL, AR, GA, IL, IN, KS, KY, MI, MO, MS, NE, OH, SC, TN, VA and WV with sell by dates from August 29, 2019 to September 14, 2019.

Product

  • Yellowfin tuna steaks sold at Kroger retail stores in AL, AR, GA, IL, IN, KS, KY, MI, MO, MS, NE, OH, SC, TN, VA and WV with sell by dates from August 29, 2019 and September 14, 2019. The product may be sold as raw yellowfin tuna steaks at the seafood counter or seasoned in store-prepped Styrofoam trays.

Purpose

The FDA is advising consumers to not eat yellowfin tuna steaks from the seafood counter or seasoned yellowfin tuna steaks in store-prepped Styrofoam trays from Kroger retail stores in AL, AR, GA, IL, IN, KS, KY, MI, MO, MS, NE, OH, SC, TN, VA and WV with sell by dates from August 29, 2019 and September 14, 2019 because they may cause scombroid poisoning. Consumers of these products who are experiencing symptoms of scombroid poisoning should contact their healthcare provider. Consumers of these products who have recently experienced symptoms of scombroid poisoning should report their symptoms to their local Health Department.

Symptoms of Scombroid Poisoning

Scombroid poisoning is caused by eating fish that has not been properly refrigerated or preserved and therefore contains high levels of histamine. Scombroid poisoning is most commonly caused by fish that have naturally high levels of the amino acid histidine, which bacteria convert to histamine when the fish is not correctly stored.

Scombroid symptoms usually develop within a few minutes to an hour after eating contaminated fish. They usually resemble an allergic reaction, such as flushing of the face, headache, heart palpitations, itching, blurred vision, cramps, and diarrhea. Symptoms can be treated with antihistamines. Even without treatment, people usually get better within 12 hours.

If you suspect you have symptoms of scombroid poisoning, contact a health professional.

Summary of Problem and Scope

On September 4, 2019, the FDA became aware of multiple scombroid poisoning cases in individuals who consumed tuna steaks purchased from three separate Kroger retail locations in Ohio.  On September 5, 2019, Kroger agreed to remove all yellowfin tuna steaks from their stores in AL, AR, GA, IL, IN, KS, KY, MI, MO, MS, NE, OH, SC, TN, VA and WV as well as  begin notifying consumers who had purchased this product to dispose of or return the product to the store.

The FDA is also working with the distributor to remove any additional product from the market.

Recommendations for Consumers

Consumers who have symptoms of scombroid poisoning should contact their health care provider to report their symptoms and receive care.

To report a complaint or adverse event (illness or serious allergic reaction), you can

Visit www.fda.gov/fcic for additional consumer and industry assistance.

FDA Actions

The FDA will continue to work with Kroger, the distributor, and state and local partners to remove all contaminated product from the market.

Research – Growth Potential of Listeria monocytogenes in Chef-Crafted Ready-to-Eat Fresh Cheese-Filled Pasta Meal Stored in Modified Atmosphere Packaging

Journal of Food Protection

ABSTRACT

This study evaluated the growth of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in a fresh, filled-pasta meal, stored in modified atmosphere packaging and the influence of lactic acid (LA) and pH on the growth of Listeria monocytogenes (Lm). Samples were taken from three lots manufactured by a local catering company and stored at both 6 and 14°C. LAB numbers, LA concentration, pH, and the presence of Lm were evaluated at 1, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, and 14 days of shelf life and the undissociated LA concentration ([LA]) was calculated. The LAB maximum cell density was greater in the products stored at 14°C than those stored at 6°C (10.1 ± 1.1 versus 5.6 ± 1.5 log CFU/g) and [LA] at 14 days was 9 to 21 ppm at 6°C and 509 to 1,887 ppm at 14°C. Challenge tests were made to evaluate the interference of LAB and [LA] on Lm growth. Aliquots of the samples (25 g) were inoculated at 1 to 10 days of shelf life and incubated at 9°C for 7 days, and the difference between Lm numbers at the end and at the beginning of the test (δ) was calculated. Logistic regression was used to model the probability of growth of Lm as a function of LAB and [LA]. The products inoculated at 1 day of shelf life had δ values between 4.2 and 5.6 log CFU/g, but the growth potential was progressively reduced during the shelf life. Lm growth was never observed in the products stored at 14°C. In those stored at 6°C, it grew only in the samples with LAB <5.7 log CFU/g. LAB interaction might thus inhibit the growth of Lmin temperature-abused products and limit its growth in refrigerated products. Logistic regression estimated that the probability of Lm growth was <10% if LAB was >6.6 log CFU/g or log[LA] was >2.2 ppm. The growth or inactivation kinetic of Lm was investigated with a homogenate of three samples with LAB numbers close to the maximum population density. After an initial growth, a subsequent reduction in the number of Lm was observed. This means that the maximum numbers of Lm might not be detected at the end of the product shelf life.

HIGHLIGHTS
  • MAP and refrigeration were found to be a fruitful hurdle in filled-pasta meals.

  • Higher growth of LAB at 14°C negatively affected the growth potential of Listeria sp.

  • Listeria sp. numbers might decline after an initial growth during the shelf life.

  • The maximum number of Listeria sp. is not always at the end of the product shelf life.

Research – Thermal Inactivation Kinetics of Three Heat-Resistant Salmonella Strains in Whole Liquid Egg

Journal of Food Protection

ABSTRACT

The heat resistance of three heat-resistant strains of Salmonella was determined in whole liquid egg (WLE). Inoculated samples in glass capillary tubes were completely immersed in a circulating water bath and held at 56, 58, 60, 62, and 64°C for predetermined lengths of time. The recovery medium was tryptic soy agar with 0.1% sodium pyruvate and 50 ppm of nalidixic acid. Survival data were fitted using log-linear, log-linear with shoulder, and Weibull models using GInaFiT version 1.7. Based on the R2 and mean square error, the log-linear with shoulder and Weibull models consistently produced a better fit to Salmonella survival curves obtained at these temperatures. Contaminated WLE must be heated at 56, 60, and 64°C for at least 33.2, 2.7, and 0.31 min, respectively, to achieve a 4-log reduction of Salmonella; 39.0, 3.1, and 0.34 min, respectively, for a 5-log reduction; and 45.0, 3.5, and 0.39 min, respectively, for a 6-log reduction. The z-values calculated from the D-values were 3.67 and 4.18°C for the log-linear with shoulder and Weibull models, respectively. Thermal death times presented in this study will be beneficial for WLE distributors and regulatory agencies when designing pasteurization processes to effectively eliminate Salmonella in WLE, thereby ensuring the microbiological safety of the product.

HIGHLIGHTS
  • The thermal resistance of Salmonella strains in WLE was determined at 56 to 64°C.

  • A 5-log reduction at 60 and 64°C required 3.1 and 0.34 min, respectively.

  • The calculated z-value was 3.67°C for the log-linear model and 4.18°C for the Weibull model.

  • These results will assist WLE processors when determining pasteurization regimens.