Category Archives: Mould Toxin

Nigeria – Expert cautions over rise of Aflatoxin bacteria in locally – grown maize

Interesting article but Aflatoxin is not a bacteria but a toxin produced by mould.

Naija 247 News

Lagos, Aug. 6, 2020 An agriculture expert, Mr Ismail Olawale has raised alarm on the increasing rate of Aflatoxin bacteria infection in locally grown maize.

Olawale, a fellow at the Nigerian Agriculture and Extension Liaison Service (NAERLS) made the call in an interview with newsmen on Thursday in Lagos.

NAN reports that Aflatoxins are poisonous carcinogens and mutagens that are produced by certain moulds which grow in soil, decaying vegetation, hay, and grains.

They are a family of toxins produced by certain fungi that are found on agricultural crops such as maize (corn) peanuts, cottonseed, and tree nuts.

The expert said research has shown that the presence of Aflatoxin in locally cultivated maize and its subsequent consumption has led to certain illnesses and early mortality.

“We have to consider the issue of Aflatoxin bacteria found in locally produced maize. It usually affects the maize through the soil.

“An academic research by post-graduate students of the University of Ibadan in an area in Ekiti, discovered that early mortality in the area was closely linked to Aflatoxin bacteria found in corn pap they consume regularly.

“From researches , it has been discovered that the accumulation of Aflatoxin bacteria in local maize can lead to life threatening illnesses and diseases.

 

RASFF Alerts – Aflatoxin – Roasted Salted Pistachios – Shelled Almonds- Pistachios – Groundnuts – Halva – Long Grain Brown Rice

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RASFF – aflatoxins (B1 = 8.4; Tot. = 17.7 µg/kg – ppb) in roasted salted pistachios from Turkey in the UK

RASFF – aflatoxins (B1 = 15 mg/kg – ppm) in shelled almonds from the United States in Spain

RASFF – aflatoxins (B1 = 82; Tot. = 86 µg/kg – ppb) in shelled almonds from the United States in Spain

RASFF – aflatoxins (B1 = 186.95; Tot. = 208.67 µg/kg – ppb) in unshelled pistachios from Turkey in Germany

RASFF – aflatoxins (B1 = 4.5; Tot. = 5.8 µg/kg – ppb) in blanched groundnut kernels from Argentina in the UK

RASFF – aflatoxins (B1 = 75,6; Tot. = 83,4 µg/kg – ppb) in shelled groundnuts from Bolivia in Bulgaria

RASFF – aflatoxins (B1 = 15.9; Tot. = 19.7 µg/kg – ppb) in peanuts halva from Ukraine in Lithuania

RASFF – aflatoxins (B1 = 6,54; Tot. = 6,54 µg/kg – ppb) in long grain brown rice from Pakistan in Poland

RASFF Alert – Deoxynivalenol (DON) Noodles

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RASFF – deoxynivalenol (DON) (1178 µg/kg – ppb) in noodles from China in Switzerland

Belgium – Demeter corn flour of the Vajra brand – Fumonsins – Mycotoxins

AFSCA

Recall of Vajra
Product: Demeter corn flour of the Vajra brand
Problem: Exceeding the standard for fumonisins


VAJRA is withdrawing from sale and recalling from consumers the Demeter Corn Flour (500g and 5kg) of the Vajra brand. Analyzes have revealed a non-compliance with the fumonisin parameters (exceeding the standard) in a batch of this corn flour.
The products concerned were sold from May 2020 in certain organic food stores. Vajra brand Demeter corn flour


  • Weight: 500g
  • Lot: 0420/260520
  • Expiration dates (DDM): 05/01/2021
  • Packing: Paper bag

(update) Demeter Corn Flour of the Vajra brand Weight: 5 kg Lot: 120/220520 Expiration date (DDM): 05/01/2021 Packaging: Paper bag People who have bought the Corn Flour are asked Demeter corn from the lot concerned, not to consume this product and to bring it back to the place of purchase where it will be refunded to you.

RASFF Alert – Aflatoxin – Chestnut Flour – Groundnuts

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RASFF – aflatoxins (B1 = 4.3; Tot. = 7.7 µg/kg – ppb) in chestnut flour from Italy in Italy

RASFF – aflatoxins (B1 = 27; Tot. = 27 µg/kg – ppb) in groundnuts from the United States in the Netherlands

Research – Aspergillus mycotoxins and their effect on the host

Pub Med

Abstract

Aspergillus fumigatus is known to produce various immunosuppressive mycotoxins including gliotoxin. However, none of these mycotoxins has been confirmed as being directly related to the pathogenesis of aspergilli. Recent studies have made substantial progress in the determination of mycotoxins as virulence factors. Gliotoxin was found to be produced much faster than previously believed under certain culture conditions, such as at 37 degrees C and under high oxygen content, which is close to the environment in the host. Gliotoxin was also found to be detectable in the sera of aspergillosis mice and of aspergillosis patients. Based on these findings, it is becoming evident that gliotoxin is produced in the infected organs of patients of aspergillosis at a significant level. In addition to these known mycotoxins, A. fumigatus produces many mycotoxins apparently different from known toxins. From the aspect of gene analysis, the deletion of laeA was found to block the expression of metabolic gene clusters such as sterigmatocystin, and the gene is also expected to be related to the production of gliotoxin. The significance of mycotoxins as virulence factors will hopefully be clarified in the near future.

Pakistan – Aflatoxins: A peril which limits the export of maize crop from Pakistan

Cabi Blog

The agriculture sector is one of the most climate-sensitive sectors of Pakistan’s economy. It responds to temperature, precipitation, soil radiation, etc., which are directly associated with climate change. Rising temperature, uneven distribution of precipitation, floods, droughts, and other climatic disasters have affected human life along with socio-economic sectors of the world.

In Pakistan, maize is one of the important cereal crops which contributes 2.2 percent to the valued added products and 0.4 percent to the GDP. It is grown on an area of 1251 hectares with production of 5901 tonnes. In recent years, some mycotoxins, which we refer as Aflatoxins have been detected in maize crop grown in Pakistan. It has limited the export of Pakistani corn which causes losses in the economic benefit for all the chain actors linked with maize.

On the other hand, its consumption in the domestic market has been increased dramatically as Pakistani feed industry process/mill thousands of tons of maize every year to surge the demand of poultry sector. To address the issue of aflatoxin in maize crop, USDA and USAID joined hands with Pakistan Agricultural Research Council (PARC), Rafhan Maize Products Co. Ltd and CAB International to implement a programme namely ‘Aflatoxin Control in Pakistan’ using a cutting-edge USDA biocontrol technology.

RASFF Alerts – Aflatoxin – Kofta Seasoning – Kuli Kuli – Almond Kernels – Groundnuts – Pistachio Kernels

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RASFF – aflatoxins (B1 = 8.1 µg/kg – ppb) in kofta seasoning mix from Pakistan in Ireland

RASFF – aflatoxins (B1 = 44.4; Tot. = 50 µg/kg – ppb) in kuli kuli from Nigeria in the UK

RASFF – aflatoxins (B1 = 277; Tot. = 302 µg/kg – ppb) in almond kernels from the United States, via the United Kingdom in Germany

RASFF – aflatoxins (B1 = 5.4 µg/kg – ppb) in groundnuts from Brazil in the Netherlands

RASFF – aflatoxins (B1 = 80.3; Tot. = 100.8 µg/kg – ppb) in pistachio kernels from Iran, dispatched from Turkey in Sweden

RASFF Alert – Fumonsins – Organic Corn Flour

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RASFF – fumonisins (2067 µg/kg – ppb) in organic corn flour packaged in Belgium, with raw material from Italy in Belgium

RASFF Alert – Ochratoxin A – Raisins

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RASFF – ochratoxin A (40.5 µg/kg – ppb) in raisins from Turkey in Switzerland