Category Archives: Microbiology

Research – New Zealand Controlling Campylobacter in Poultry Flocks

Ingenta ConnectEurofins Food Testing

An analysis of the cost-effectiveness of interventions to control Campylobacter in the New Zealand poultry supply examined a series of interventions. Effectiveness was evaluated in terms of reduced health burden measured by disability-adjusted life years (DALYs). Costs of implementation were estimated from the value of cost elements, determined by discussions with industry. Benefits were estimated by changing the inputs to a poultry food chain quantitative risk model. Proportional reductions in the number of predicted Campylobacter infections were converted into reductions in the burden of disease measured in DALYs. Cost-effectiveness ratios were calculated for each intervention, as cost per DALY reduction and the ratios compared. The results suggest that the most cost-effective interventions (lowest ratios) are at the primary processing stage. Potential phage-based controls in broiler houses were also highly cost-effective. This study is limited by the ability to quantify costs of implementation and assumptions required to estimate health benefits, but it supports the implementation of interventions at the primary processing stage as providing the greatest quantum of benefit and lowest cost-effectiveness ratios.

USA Research – Listeriosis in the Elderly

Food Poisoning Bulletin

Listeria monocytogenes isn’t one of the most common causes of food poisoning, but it is one of the most deadly. Some segments of the population are at special risk. About 90 percent of people who develop Listeria infections fall into three groups, pregnant women, seniors and those with weakened immune systems.

Paul’s story is featured on the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s (CDC’S) website. Paul was a World War II veteran who had received two Purple Hearts. At 92, he was active and in good health when he got listeriosis from eating tainted cantaloupe in September 2011. He died three months later, leaving behind his wife Rosellen of 68 years, five children, nine grandchildren, and 10 great grandchildren.

Research – Norovirus – Surfaces – Handlers – DIsinfectants

Ingenta ConnectEurofins

Human infective noroviruses (NoVs) are a worldwide leading cause of foodborne illness and are frequently spread via infected food handlers preparing and manipulating food products such as deli sandwiches. The objective of the current study was to determine the efficiencies whereby NoV could be transferred between surfaces associated with the preparation of manually prepared foods such as deli sandwiches. Nonfood surfaces included gloves and stainless steel discs, and boiled ham, lettuce, and a sandwich bun were the ingredients of the deli sandwich. Both NoV GII.4 and the murine NoV 1 (MNV-1, a cultivable human NoV surrogate) were included in the presented study. Transfer of NoV GII.4 and MNV-1 between surfaces was performed by pressing an inoculated donor surface against an acceptor surface. To evaluate the effect of subsequent contact, donor surfaces were pressed a second time to an identical acceptor surface. Subsequently, NoV GII.4 and MNV-1 were detected using real-time reverse transcription PCR assays and plaque assays, respectively. Transfer of both viruses from gloves to stainless steel was inefficient, and virus transfer from food products to stainless steel occurred with more variability for NoV GII.4 than for MNV-1. Virus transfer from the stainless steel discs to the gloves was substantially more efficient than from the gloves to the stainless steel. NoV GII.4 and MNV-1 transfer from food products to the gloves occurred with varying efficiencies, although this variation was more evident for NoV GII.4. The MNV-1 inoculum was significantly less efficiently transferred to the acceptor surface at the second contact, which was not the case for NoV GII.4. The obtained transfer efficiency data may provide insights into the transfer of NoV during preparation of foods and can be included in risk assessment models describing the transmission of NoVs in this context.

Ingenta Connect

Human noroviruses (HuNoVs) are the most common cause of acute viral gastroenteritis worldwide and are a leading cause of foodborne disease. Their environmental persistence and purported resistance to disinfection undoubtedly contribute to their success as foodborne disease agents. The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy of three commonly used disinfectant active ingredients against representative HuNoV strains and cultivable surrogates. Ethanol (50, 70, and 90%), sodium hypochlorite (5, 75, 250, 500, and 1,000 ppm), and a quaternary ammonium compound blend (at 0.1×, 1.0×, and 10× concentrations) were evaluated against two norovirus (NoV) genogroup II strains (GII.2 and GII.4) and two surrogates (feline calicivirus [FCV] and murine norovirus [MNV-1]). Virucidal suspension assays (30-s exposure) were conducted in accordance with ASTM International standard E-1052. Virus inactivation was quantified using reverse transcription quantitative PCR targeting the ORFI-ORFII junction (HuNoV), the RNA polymerase region (MNV-1), or the ORFI region (FCV); infectivity assays were also performed for MNV-1 and FCV. The two HuNoV strains and FCV were relatively resistant to ethanol (<0.5 log inactivation) irrespective of concentration, but MNV-1 was much more susceptible (log inactivation, ∼2.0 log at higher ethanol concentrations). Both HuNoV strains were more resistant to hypochlorite than were either of the animal surrogates, with the human strains requiring ≥500 ppm of hypochlorite to achieve statistically significant reduction (≥3.0 log) in virus concentration. All four viruses were resistant to inactivation (<0.5-log reduction) using the quaternary ammonium compound formulation at all concentrations tested. This study is novel in that it clearly demonstrates the relative ineffectiveness of common active disinfectant ingredients against HuNoV and highlights the fact that the cultivable surrogates do not always mimic HuNoV strains.

UK -FSA Recall – Coleslaw Recall – Listeria monocytogenes

FSAfood_standards_agency_logo

Island Salads Coleslaw

Product identification (batch/date codes)

Use by date: 20 July 2013 Pack size: 200g and 400g

Listeria monocytogenes, a food-poisoning bacteria, has been found in a batch of Island Salads Coleslaw following sampling by Craigavon Borough Council. Listeria monocytogenes can cause illness in certain groups of people, such as pregnant women, unborn and newborn babies, and anyone with reduced immunity, particularly the over-60s.

Action taken by the company

The company has begun a recall of this product. Point-of-sale notices have been placed in stores.
No other Island Salads products are known to be affected.

Advice to consumers

If you have purchased the above product, please do not consume it but return to your nearest store for a full refund.

World Update – Hepatitis A in Frozen Berries

Food Safety News

Almost 600 Sick from Hepatitis A in Frozen Berries in 3 outbreaks in the USA, Northern Italy and Northern Europe

As the case count for Hepatitis A linked to Townsend Farms Organic Antioxidant Blend reaches 140, outbreaks in Northern Italy and Northern Europe have sickened 352 and 103 respectively. All linked to frozen mixed berries.

RASFF Alerts -Salmonella – Poultry – STEC – Deer Meat- Norovirus – Oysters- Ochratoxin – Raisins – Afaltoxin – Groundnuts

RASFF -Salmonella Minnesota (presence /25g) in frozen chicken meat (Gallus gallus) from Brazil in Spain

RASFF -Shigatoxin-producing Escherichia coli (E. coli  VT2 and EAE positive) in frozen deer meat from Austria in Italy

RASFF – Shigatoxin-producing Escherichia coli (VT2, EAE positive) in frozen deer meat from Austria in Italy

RASFF – Norovirus (G I) in oysters from France in Italy

RASFF – Ochratoxin A (111.65 µg/kg – ppb) in raisins from South Africa in Poland

RASFF – Aflatoxins (B1 = 5.9 µg/kg – ppb) in groundnuts from China in the Netherlands

 

Research – Safer Spinach – E.coli O157

Science Dailyspinach

University of Illinois scientists have found a way to boost current  industry capabilities when it comes to reducing the number of E. coli 0157:H7 cells that may live undetected on spinach leaves.

“By  combining continuous ultrasound treatment with chlorine washing, we can  reduce the total number of foodborne pathogenic bacteria by over 99.99  percent,” said Hao Feng, a U of I professor of food science and human  nutrition.

Australia – Norovirus and Gastroenteritis Advice

Australian GovernmentNorwalk_Caspid

Guidelines for the public health management of gastroenteritis outbreaks due to
norovirus or suspected viral agents in Australia

Better Health Channel

Gastroenteritis (gastro) is an illness triggered by the infection and inflammation of the digestive system. Symptoms include abdominal cramps, diarrhoea and vomiting. Some of the causes include viruses, bacteria, bacterial toxins, parasites, particular chemicals and some drugs. The main complication of gastroenteritis is dehydration, but this can be prevented if the fluid lost in vomit and diarrhoea is replaced.

USA – Cyclospora Outbreak

Livewell Nebraska220px-Cyclospora_cayetanensis_stained

Fourteen more cases of cyclospora infection were reported Friday to Nebraska and Iowa public health officials, adding to the 12 that had come in over the past several days.

Officials still are trying to determine the source of the Cyclospora cayetanensis parasite, which causes an intestinal infection called cyclosporiasis. They’re telling physicians to be aware of the illness and to test specifically for the parasite

The new Nebraska cases appear to be from the eastern part of the state, as did the earlier cases, according to a spokeswoman for the Nebraska Department of Health and Human Services. Most of the new Iowa cases were from central and eastern Iowa, said Dr. Patricia Quinlisk, medical director of the Iowa Department of Public Health. One case, she said, involved an Iowan who was tested in Omaha.

Cyclospora is spread by people ingesting food or water that is contaminated with feces. People living or traveling in tropical or subtropical regions of the world may be at increased risk for infection because cyclosporiasis is found in those areas. Foodborne outbreaks of the illness in the U.S. have been linked to various types of imported fresh produce, such as raspberries, basil, snow peas and mesclun lettuce.

People need to wash all fresh produce, health officials said.

The symptoms of cyclospora infection can last for weeks in otherwise healthy people. They include fatigue, lack of appetite, nausea, abdominal cramping and a low-grade fever.

People with compromised immune symptoms will have more severe and longer-lasting symptoms

What is cyclospora?

Cyclospora cayetanensis is a parasite made of one cell, too small to be seen without a microscope. This parasite causes an intestinal infection called cyclosporiasis.

How is cyclospora spread?

Cyclospora is spread by people ingesting something, such as food or water, that is contaminated with feces. Cyclospora needs days to weeks after being passed in a bowel movement to become infectious for another person. Therefore, it is unlikely that cyclospora is passed directly from one person to another.

Who is at risk for cyclospora infection?

People living or traveling in tropical or subtropical regions of the world may be at increased risk for infection because cyclosporiasis is found in some countries in the zones. In the United States, food-borne outbreaks of cyclosporiasis have been linked to various types of imported fresh produce.

What should I do if I think I might be infected with cyclospora?

See your health care provider.

Source: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

 

Canada – Salmonella – Coriander Cumin Powder

CIFAEurofins Food Testing UK

The Canadian Food Inspection Agency (CFIA) and Shah Brothers Imports are warning the public not to consume the Shabros brand Coriander Cumin Powders described in the link above because they may be contaminated with Salmonella.

There have been no reported illnesses associated with the consumption of these products.

The importer, Shah Brothers Imports, Mississauga, ON, is voluntarily recalling the affected products from the marketplace. The CFIA is monitoring the effectiveness of the recall.