Category Archives: Algal Toxin

RASFF Alert – Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP) toxins in chilled live mussles

kswfoodworld food safety poisoning

RASFF-Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP) toxins (1178 µg/kg – ppb) in chilled live mussles (Mytilus edilus) from Norway

Research – Marine Toxins: 5 Poisons Under the Sea

Pharmacytimes 

Marine toxins originate from microorganisms native to aquatic ecosystems. These molecules eventually find their way into the human gastrointestinal tract through concentrating and bioaccumulating in species such as mollusks, crustaceans, and various fish. Ingestion of marine toxins can generate foodborne illnesses and a constellation of neurologic and gastrointestinal manifestations accompanied by other symptoms.

Ciguatoxin

Ciguatera illness is caused by ciguatoxins, which are compounds that bioaccumulate in shallow, coastal water-dwelling fish.

Saxitoxin

Paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) is a foodborne illness brought on by saxitoxin, a chemical compound produced by cyanobacteria of freshwater and by dinoflagellates of marine water. As with ciguatoxin, saxitoxin reaches the human gastrointestinal tract through concentration in species that are higher up in the food chain.

Brevetoxin

Also a result of toxic algal blooms and mollusk consumption, neurotoxic shellfish poisoning (NSP) is thought of as a ‘milder’ case of the paralytic shellfish poisoning described above. Its cause is brevetoxin, a group of more than 10 lipid soluble polyether compounds.

Tetrodotoxin

Tetrodotoxin (TTX) is perhaps the most well known of the marine toxins. Its notoriety arises from the popularity of pufferfish.

Histamine

A red herring in the recognition of fish food poisoning is scombroid syndrome. This illness is commonly mistaken for fish allergy, but instead results from improper storage and transportation of fish belonging to the Scombroidiae family.

RASFF Alert – DSP – Risotto with Mussels – Histamine – Tuna – Sardines

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RASFF -Diarrhoeic Shellfish Poisoning (DSP) toxins – okadaic acid (190.8 µg/kg – ppb) in risotto with mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis) from Spain in Italy

RASFF -histamine (721 mg/kg – ppm) in frozen yellowfin tuna bits (Thunnus albacares) from India in Italy

RASFF -histamine (470 mg/kg – ppm) in canned sardines in soja oil (Sardinella spp.) from Indonesia in Germany

RASFF Alerts – DSP – Histamine

RASFF-Logo

RASFF -Diarrhoeic Shellfish Poisoning (DSP) toxins – okadaic acid (176 µg/kg – ppb) in live mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis) from Spain in Italy

RASFF -histamine (up to 1022 mg/kg – ppm) in chilled tuna fillets from Spain in Italy

RASFF Alerts – DSP – Mussels – Hepatitis A- Frozen Berries – E.coli – Clams – Mussels

RASFF -Diarrhoeic Shellfish Poisoning (DSP) toxins – okadaic acid (188 µg/kg – ppb) in chilled mussels (Mytlius Galloprovincialis) from Spain in Italy

RASFF -hepatitis A virus in frozen mixed berries processed in Italy, with raw material from Poland, Serbia, Chile, Bulgaria, Sweden and Bosnia and Herzegovina in Italy

RASFF -high count of Escherichia coli (5400 MPN/100g) in clams (Venus verrucosa) from Greece in Italy

RASFF -too high count of Escherichia coli (3500 MPN/100g) in chilled mussels from France

RASFF -too high count of Escherichia coli (9200; 2400 MPN/100g) in chilled mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis) from Spain in Italy

RASFF Alerts – Hepatitis A Oysters and Berries- ASP in Scallops- Enterococci in Dessciated Coconut

RASFF – Amnesic Shellfish Poisoning (ASP) toxins in chilled scallops from France

RASFF – Hepatitis A virus in chilled oysters from France and the Netherlands

RASFF – Hepatitis A virus in frozen berry mix from Italy, with raw material from Bulgaria in Italy

RASFF – Faecal streptococci (17000 CFU/g) in desiccated coconut from Indonesia, via Malaysia in Italy

New Zealand – Paralyitic Shellfish Poisoning Alert – PSP

New Zealand HeraldMarlith

At least seven people have been poisoned by eating shellfish in the Bay of Plenty, prompting warnings from health officials.

In a 24 hour-period over the weekend, five people went to Rotorua Hospital with symptoms of toxic shellfish poisoning with a further two unrelated cases were seen at Tauranga Hospital.

All of those who had fallen ill had eaten shellfish collected from the coastline between Mount Maunganui and Papamoa. Their symptoms ranged from tingling round the mouth and face, tingling of the skin on their arms and hands, mild weakness when walking, and diarrhoea and vomiting.

For up-to-date information on health warnings in Bay of Plenty go to www.ttophs.govt.nz and click on health warnings or call (0800) 221 555 and press 6 to speak to the on-call Health Protection Officer.

Australia – PSP Botany Bay – Sydney

News Com AU

A TOXIC algal bloom which potentially poisons a range of seafood has been detected in Sydney’s Botany Bay.

The NSW Department of Primary Industries said it had detected a species of algae which produces paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins.

It said it found toxins above safe levels for human consumption in shellfish from Botany Bay during routine monitoring on Friday.

The NSW Food Authority has warned people against eating oysters, mussels, cockles, clams or the gut of rock lobster or abalone taken from the bay or the Georges River.

Australia – Tasmanian Scallops PSP and Unsafe Poultry

AFNSalmonella Campylobacter

The Food Safety Information Council has released concerning national survey data this week that shows 60% of home cooks in Australia are putting themselves at additional risk of food poisoning from chicken.

The data showed that 60 per cent were at risk from washing whole poultry before it was cooked, which can spread bacteria around the kitchen. A further 16% of those surveyed incorrectly tasted chicken to see if it was cooked properly rather than using a safe meat thermometer.

The focus on cross-contamination of meats by the Food Safety Information Council (FSIC) comes as yesterday marked the start of Australian Food Safety Week. The FSIC week is specifically focusing on chicken and those most affected by food poisoning with the theme “vulnerable populations.”

Food Safety Information Council Chairman, Dr Michael Eyles said that chicken, as Australia’s most popular meat, was consumed by 8 in every ten home cooks.

”Home cooks are probably following what their parents or grandparents did in the past by washing poultry, not to mention probably patting it dry with a tea towel. Washing poultry splashes these bacteria around the kitchen cross contaminating sinks, taps, your hands, utensils, chopping boards and foods that aren’t going to be cooked like salads or desserts,” Dr Eyles said.

“Chicken is a healthy, convenient meal [but] other poultry is also becoming popular with just under half of those surveyed cooking whole turkey and 37% whole duck but these, too, are being washed before cooking, with 68% washing turkey and 74% duck,” he added.

According to a Food Standards Australia New Zealand survey referenced by the Food Safety Information Council, 84 per cent of raw chicken carcasses tested positive to the food poisoning bacteria Campylobacter and 22 per cent to Salmonella.

News Com Au

SCALLOPS from the east coast of Tasmania have joined the area’s mussels in being banned following a toxic algal bloom.

A scallop fishery in the White Rock area has been closed after the same paralytic shellfish toxin (PST) found in Spring Bay Seafood’s mussels was detected in samples taken on November 2.

“PST levels in tested scallops are currently either close to or slightly over the permitted level, but it’s possible the level will increase before it goes back down again,” a health department warning said.

The affected shellfish don’t look or taste different and the toxin is not destroyed by cooking or freezing, but there have been no reports of illness.

USA – Updated Warning About Shellfish – PSP

Food Poisoning Bulletin

The California Department of Public Healthis adding sport-harvested clams and whole scallops to the list of Del Norte County bivalve shellfish that consumers should avoid. This warning is in addition to the annual mussel quarantine that was extended on October 31, 2012 to include Del Norte and Humboldt counties. The shellfish contain dangerous levels of paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins (PSP).

The warning does not apply to commercially sold clams, mussels, scallops, or oysters from approved sources. These shellfish are subject to frequent mandatory testing by the state government.

PSP toxins affect the central nervous system, producing a tingling around the mouth and fingertips. Then, symptoms include a loss of balance, loss of muscular coordination, slurred speech, and difficulty swallowing. These symptoms can appear within a few minutes to a few hours after eating the toxic shellfish. In some cases, complete muscular paralysis and death from asphyxiation can occur. Cooking does not destroy the toxin. For more information, see the CDPH Marine Biotoxins Frequently Asked Questions page