Category Archives: Microbiology

USA – Outbreak Investigation of Listeria monocytogenes – Hispanic-style Fresh and Soft Cheeses (February 2021)

FDA

The FDA, along with CDC and state and local partners, investigated a multistate outbreak of Listeria monocytogenes infections linked to queso fresco cheeses made by El Abuelito Cheese, Inc. On 5/14/2021, the CDC announced that this outbreak is over.

Recommendation

Recalled Queso Fresco, Quesillo (Oaxaca, string cheese), or Requeson (ricotta) cheeses are past shelf life and should no longer be available.

FDA recommends that anyone who received recalled products use extra vigilance in cleaning and sanitizing any surfaces and containers that may have come in contact with these products to reduce the risk of cross-contamination. Listeria can survive in refrigerated temperatures and can easily spread to other foods and surfaces.

People who are pregnant, are age 65 or over, or have a weakened immune system should not eat any soft cheeses unless they are made with pasteurized milk. Consumers at higher risk for Listeria illness should be aware that although pasteurization of milk kills Listeria, soft cheeses made from pasteurized milk can still become contaminated and have caused Listeria outbreaks, including this one.


Product Images

Sample Product Label from the Outbreak Investigation of Listeria monocytogenes in Hispanic-style Fresh and Soft Cheeses (February 2021) - Rio Grande
Sample Product Label from the Outbreak Investigation of Listeria monocytogenes in Hispanic-style Fresh and Soft Cheeses (February 2021) - Rio Grande
Sample Product Label from the Outbreak Investigation of Listeria monocytogenes in Hispanic-style Fresh and Soft Cheeses (February 2021) - Rio Lindo
Sample Product Label from the Outbreak Investigation of Listeria monocytogenes in Hispanic-style Fresh and Soft Cheeses (February 2021) - El Abuelito
Sample Product Label from the Outbreak Investigation of Listeria monocytogenes in Hispanic-style Fresh and Soft Cheeses (February 2021) - Chirilagua, Yorito

Recall Information

On 2/19/2021, El Abuelito Cheese, Inc. announced their initial recall of products, and on 2/27/2021, they announced the expansion of their recall to cover additional products. The recall announcements include the full product list and descriptions.

Consumers, restaurants, and retailers should not eat, sell, or serve any recalled Queso Fresco, Quesillo (Oaxaca, string cheese), or Requeson (ricotta) cheeses.

The firm’s recall does not include any additional products with the El Abuelito Cheese, Inc. label because they are not manufactured or handled in the same facility; this includes El Abuelito Meat, Inc., panela cheese, cotija cheese, mole, crema centroamericana, and crema mexicana. Updates will be provided as they become available.

FDA has posted lists of retailers that may have received Hispanic-styles cheeses from the El Abuelito Cheese, Inc. facility in Paterson N.J.  It is possible that these lists may not include all retailers who have received these cheeses; however, these lists represents the best information currently available to the FDA.

Map of U.S. Distribution of Recalled Queso Fresco, Quesillo, and Requeson Cheeses

Map of U.S. Distribution of Recalled Queso Fresco, Quesillo, and Requeson Cheeseso as of March 9, 2021

Case Count Map Provided by CDC

CDC Case Count Map for the Outbreak Investigation of Listeria monocytogenes in Hispanic-style Fresh and Soft Cheeses as of May 14, 2021

Case Counts

Total Illnesses: 13
Hospitalizations: 12
Deaths: 1
Last Illness Date: 3/17/2021
States with Cases: CT (1), MD (5), NY (4), and VA (3)
Product Distribution*: AL, CT, FL, GA, IA, IL, IN, KS, KY, MA, MD, MI, MN, MO, MS, NC, NJ, NY, NE, OH, PA, RI, SC, TN, VA, WI
*States with confirmed distribution; product could have been distributed further

Research -Listeria monocytogenes Cold Shock Proteins: Small Proteins with A Huge Impact

MDPI

Listeria monocytogenes has evolved an extensive array of mechanisms for coping with stress and adapting to changing environmental conditions, ensuring its virulence phenotype expression. For this reason, L. monocytogenes has been identified as a significant food safety and public health concern. Among these adaptation systems are cold shock proteins (Csps), which facilitate rapid response to stress exposure. L. monocytogenes has three highly conserved csp genes, namely, cspAcspB, and cspD. Using a series of csp deletion mutants, it has been shown that L. monocytogenes Csps are important for biofilm formation, motility, cold, osmotic, desiccation, and oxidative stress tolerance. Moreover, they are involved in overall virulence by impacting the expression of virulence-associated phenotypes, such as hemolysis and cell invasion. It is postulated that during stress exposure, Csps function to counteract harmful effects of stress, thereby preserving cell functions, such as DNA replication, transcription and translation, ensuring survival and growth of the cell. Interestingly, it seems that Csps might suppress tolerance to some stresses as their removal resulted in increased tolerance to stresses, such as desiccation for some strains. Differences in csp roles among strains from different genetic backgrounds are apparent for desiccation tolerance and biofilm production. Additionally, hierarchical trends for the different Csps and functional redundancies were observed on their influences on stress tolerance and virulence. Overall current data suggest that Csps have a wider role in bacteria physiology than previously assumed. View Full-Text

USA – TECHNICAL REPORT:FDA REPORT ON THE OCCURRENCE OF FOODBORNE ILLNESS RISK FACTORS IN RETAIL FOOD STORE DELI DEPARTMENTS2015-2016MAY 2021

FDA

This report includes the background, design, and results of data collection on the occurrence of foodborne illness risk factors in the United States in retail food store deli departments (hereafter referred to as delis) during 2015-2016. It is a baseline report representing the first data collection period of the FDA’s current 10-year study on trends in the occurrence of foodborne illness risk factors and food safety behaviors/practices in food service facilities. Data from the 2015-2016 collection will be used as a baseline to assess trends in the occurrence of risk factors in future data collections. Of the foodborne illness risk factors investigated in this study, inadequate cooking was best controlled. The two most commonly occurring out-of-compliance risk factors were improper holding time/temperature and poor personal hygiene. Food Safety Management Systems (FSMS) were the strongest predictor of the compliance status of data items. Establishments with well-developed FSMS had significantly fewer out-of-compliance food safety behaviors/practices than did those with “less developed” food safety management systems. Neither the presence of a Certified Food Protection Manager (CFPM) nor the multiple-unit status of establishments were significant predictors of having out-of-compliance data items when all factors studied were taken into account. These findings suggest that well-developed and documented FSMS are a useful tool in reducing the occurrence of foodborne illness risk factors.

Research -Epidemiological investigation of recurrent outbreaks of haemolytic uraemic syndrome caused by Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli serotype O55:H7 in England, 2014–2018

Cambridge Org

Recurrent outbreaks of haemolytic uraemic syndrome (HUS) caused by Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) serotype O55:H7 occurred in England between 2014 and 2018. We reviewed the epidemiological evidence to identify potential source(s) and transmission routes of the pathogen, and to assess the on-going risk to public health. Over the 5-year period, there were 43 confirmed and three probable cases of STEC O55:H7. The median age of cases was 4 years old (range 6 months to 69 years old) and over half of all cases were female (28/46, 61%). There were 36/46 (78.3%) symptomatic cases, and over half of all cases developed HUS (25/46, 54%), including two fatal cases. No common food or environmental exposures were identified, although the majority of cases lived in rural or semi-rural environments and reported contact with both wild and domestic animals. This investigation informed policy on the clinical and public health management of HUS caused by STEC other than serotype O157:H7 (non-O157 STEC) in England, including comprehensive testing of all household contacts and household pets and more widespread use of polymerase chain reaction assays for the rapid diagnosis of STEC-HUS.

Research – Ecological niche adaptation of Salmonella Typhimurium U288 is associated with altered pathogenicity and reduced zoonotic potential

Nature.com

The emergence of new bacterial pathogens is a continuing challenge for agriculture and food safety. Salmonella Typhimurium is a major cause of foodborne illness worldwide, with pigs a major zoonotic reservoir. Two phylogenetically distinct variants, U288 and ST34, emerged in UK pigs around the same time but present different risk to food safety. Here we show using genomic epidemiology that ST34 accounts for over half of all S. Typhimurium infections in people while U288 less than 2%. That the U288 clade evolved in the recent past by acquiring AMR genes, indels in the virulence plasmid pU288-1, and accumulation of loss-of-function polymorphisms in coding sequences. U288 replicates more slowly and is more sensitive to desiccation than ST34 isolates and exhibited distinct pathogenicity in the murine model of colitis and in pigs. U288 infection was more disseminated in the lymph nodes while ST34 were recovered in greater numbers in the intestinal contents. These data are consistent with the evolution of S. Typhimurium U288 adaptation to pigs that may determine their reduced zoonotic potential.

USA – FDA Core Investigation Table

FDA

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Kenya – Kenya can’t regulate its way out of aflatoxin menace

Standard Media

Enforcement of food safety regulations is necessary but insufficient to solve this problem. Aflatoxin contamination must be addressed at its root, during production and on-farm storage.

Research by International Food Policy Research Institute and others points to some solutions including education, incentivising farmers and removing the middleman. Educating farmers about how to prevent aflatoxin leads to better practices, which can also improve the quality of grain.

Kenya must also make aflatoxin prevention technologies affordable. Most farmers dry their maize on old woven sisal bags, through which mold spores can permeate. Upgrading to impermeable tarps or drying sheets is a highly cost-effective approach to aflatoxin control, but still costs farmers more than used bags. The new KEBS standard for tarps used in agriculture, which is expected to increase the availability of lower-cost tarps, is an important step forward.

USA – San Francisco’s House of Prime Rib Voluntarily Closes for Food Borne Illness Investigation

CBS

SAN FRANCISCO (CBS SF) — The Department of Public Health in San Francisco on Thursday confirmed that the House of Prime Rib has voluntarily shut down for an investigation into complaints of alleged food borne illness at the popular restaurant.

The city’s Department of Public Health issued a release Thursday stating it “is aware of ongoing online complaints and alleged food borne illness in relation to the House of Prime Rib on 1906 Van Ness Avenue.”

“The owner agreed to voluntarily close to the public for 24 hours starting today (5/13) so DPH health inspectors can ensure meal preparation and food handling process is being done safely and to code,” the statement read.

The restaurant had been serving take out meals for much of the COVID-19 pandemic, but in March resumed dinner service at the restaurant.

Armenia – Armenia reports gastrointestinal outbreak, Hundreds sickened

Outbreak News Today

The Armenian Ministry of Health reports an outbreak of intestinal infections in the country’s Sisian community.

To date, the ministry has recorded 370 cases with diagnoses that are characteristic of intestinal infections and 7 of the 370 patients are currently undergoing treatment at a hospital.

The Ministry of Health said that the patients are in serious condition, while other residents are receiving outpatient treatment.

Outbreak News Interviews Podcast

Sample from water and from patients have been taken for microbial testing to include enteropathogenic intestinal bacteria, Yersinia enterocolitis and Campylobacter, as well as Norovirus and Adenovirus.

RASFF Alert – Animal Feed – Salmonella – Fish Meal

RASFF

Salmonella spp. in fish meal from Mauritania in Spain