Category Archives: Microbiology

Research – Stressed-out dust is sharing antibiotic resistance genes

Northwestern

First study to show indoor dust bacteria have transferrable antibiotic resistance genes.

A new Northwestern University study is the first to find that bacteria living in household dust can spread antibiotic resistance genes. Although most bacteria are harmless, the researchers believe these genes could potentially spread to pathogens, making infections more difficult to treat.

“This evidence, in and of itself, doesn’t mean that antibiotic resistance is getting worse,” said Northwestern’s Erica Hartmann, who led the study. “It’s just one more risk factor. It’s one more thing that we need to be careful about.”

Research – A Study on Prevalence and Characterization of Bacillus cereus in Ready-to-Eat Foods in China

Frontiers in Microbiology

Bacillus cereus is widely distributed in different food products and can cause a variety of symptoms associated with food poisoning. Since ready-to-eat (RTE) foods are not commonly sterilized by heat treatment before consumption, B. cereus contamination may cause severe food safety problems. In this study, we investigated the prevalence of B. cereus in RTE food samples from different regions of China and evaluated the levels of bacterial contamination, antibiotic resistance, virulence gene distribution, and genetic polymorphisms of these isolates. Of the tested retail RTE foods, 35% were positive for B. cereus, with 39 and 83% of the isolated strains harboring the enterotoxin-encoding hblACD and nheABC gene clusters, respectively. The entFM gene was detected in all Bcereus strains. The cytK gene was present in 68% of isolates, but only 7% harbored the emetic toxin-encoding gene cesB. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing revealed that the majority of the isolates were resistant not only to most β-lactam antibiotics, but also to rifamycin. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) revealed that the 368 isolates belonged to 192 different sequence types (STs) including 93 new STs, the most prevalent of which was ST26. Collectively, our study indicates the prevalence, bacterial contamination levels, and biological characteristics of B. cereus isolated from RTE foods in China and demonstrates the potential hazards of B. cereus in RTE foods.

Research -Researchers report temperature important for controlling Listeria in rakfisk

Food Safety News

Researchers have looked at the effect of different ripening temperatures and salt concentrations on the growth of Listeria monocytogenes in a traditional Norwegian fermented fish product.

Rakfisk is made from lake trout or arctic char by mild-salting and brine maturation at low temperatures for several months and is eaten without heat treatment.

Ripening temperature had the largest impact on Listeria monocytogenes growth during rakfisk production as low ripening temperatures resulted in essentially no growth. However, even freezing temperatures cannot kill Listeria.

Chosen salt concentrations and temperatures reflect the prevailing types of commercial rakfisk production, said researchers in the study published in the journal Foods.

India – 50 People Including Children Fall Ill After Consuming Food From Container With Dead Snake

ibtimes

At least 50 people, mostly children and women, fell ill after eating food from a container that had dead snake in it. The incident took place during a community feast organised by a self-help group in the Indian state of Odisha on Thursday.

According to local reports, at least 30 families were having their meal at a temple when most of them started vomiting and complained of uneasiness. They were immediately rushed to a nearby hospital.

Confirming the incident, a medical officer said, “They showed signs of food poisoning. However, many of them were discharged after administration of intravenous fluid.”

Speaking about the condition of the patients, a doctor said, “The patients were treated for suspected food poisoning and administered intravenous fluid. All those admitted in the hospital responded well to the treatment and are being discharged from the hospital in a phased manner.”

While washing the utensils after the feast was over, the locals came across a dead snake that was one foot long.

Research -Evaluation of JC9450 and Neutral Electrolyzed Water in Controlling Listeria monocytogenes on Fresh Apples and Preventing Cross-Contamination

Frontiers in Microbiology

Recent multistate outbreaks and recalls of fresh apples due to Listeria monocytogenes contamination have increased consumer concerns regarding fresh and processed apple safety. This study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial efficacy of two sanitizers, mineral oxychloride (JC9450) and neutral electrolyzed water (NEW), for inactivation of L. monocytogenes on fresh apples. A 2-min treatment of 0.125% (v/v) JC9450 with 100 ppm free available chlorine (FAC) or NEW with 110 ppm FAC caused 0.9–1.2 log10 CFU/apple reduction of L. monocytogenes on both Granny Smith and Fuji apples 24 h post-inoculation. Increasing JC9450 concentration to 0.25 and 0.50% significantly improved its bactericidal effect and reduced L. monocytogenes on Granny Smith apples by ~2.0 and 3.8 log10 CFU/apple, respectively, after a contact time of 2 min. At a shorter contact time of 30 sec, the inactivation efficacy of chlorine and 0.25–0.50% JC9450 against L. monocytogenes on apples was significantly reduced compared with the respective 2-min wash. Furthermore, no L. monocytogenes was recovered in deionized water prepared antimicrobial wash solution or on non-inoculated apples post-NEW with 110 ppm FAC or 0.125–0.5% JC9450 washes, indicating their ability to prevent cross-contamination. In addition, a 2-min exposure to NEW with 110 ppm FAC and 0.50% JC9450 reduced apple native microbiota including total plate count by 0.14 and 0.65 log10 CFU/apple, respectively, and yeast and mold counts by 0.55 and 1.63 log10 CFU/apple, respectively. In summary, L. monocytogenes attached on apples was difficult to eliminate. JC9450 and NEW demonstrated a dose-dependent reduction in L. monocytogenes on apples and successfully prevented cross-contamination, indicating their application potential in post-harvest washes of apples.

Research -Extension of shelf life of pasteurized trim milk using ultraviolet treatment

Wiley Online

The demand for minimally processed foods has increased in the last few years and gains high acceptability among consumers as it has better nutritional value than highly processed foods. Pasteurized milk is minimally processed and consumed largely for its fresh taste and higher nutritional value compared to ultrahigh temperature (UHT) and powdered milk. However, one of the constraints is its limited shelf life under refrigeration, as it cannot retain quality and safety for more than 14 days. Nonthermal technologies can extend the shelf life of milk while using low energy. Ultraviolet (UV‐C) is well known to inactivate spores as well as vegetative cells. In this study, it was shown that 2.64 J/ml of UV‐C treatment applied on pasteurized trim milk can extend shelf life up to 53 days under refrigeration. This finding was also supported by the inactivation of 3.40 ± 0.14 log of thermoresistant Geobacillus stearothermophilus spores (ATCC 7953) in UHT (or sterilized) trim milk with similar UV‐C operating conditions. Therefore, microbial study together with physicochemical properties demonstrated that pasteurization followed by UV‐C can enhance the shelf life of trim milk considerably.

Research -Iran’s ministry talks contaminated milk, polluted corn rumors

Trend News Agency

All the food products in Iran are under control of the country’s Ministry of Health and there’s no production outside of the set standards, said the Head of Agricultural Jihad Ministry of Iran Abbas Keshavarz, Trend reports via ISNA.

Keshavarz was commenting on rumors that milk in Iran is contaminated with aflatoxin.

Aflatoxicosis is the disease caused by the consumption of high levels of aflatoxins. At low levels of intake, usually there are no visual symptoms of aflatoxicosis, and as such the problem is often unnoticed. However, high concentrations of aflatoxins, or prolonged exposure at low levels, cause visual symptoms in cattle, and especially in young calves.

The diagnosis of aflatoxicosis is often difficult because of the variation in clinical signs, gross pathological conditions, and the presence of secondary infectious diseases due to the suppression of the immune system. In addition, under commercial conditions, more than one mycotoxin may be present in any contaminated feed, and this makes definitive diagnosis of aflatoxicosis quite difficult.

The carry over rate of aflatoxins from contaminated feed into milk in dairy cows is considered to average 1–2%. However, in high yielding cows, which consume significant amounts of concentrated feeds, the carry over rate of aflatoxin M1 into milk can reach 6.2%.

Keshavarz pointed out that the level of standards in the country are strict.

“Not one kilogram of polluted corn has entered the country, so there’s nothing to worry about,” he said, referring to more rumors about Iran importing polluted corn.

Also, Keshavarz pointed to the per capita consumption of agricultural inputs in the country and stated that on average

He also pointed to the per capita consumption of agricultural inputs in the country and stated that on average Iran has the pessticide consumption at around 30,000 tons and more than 80 percent of pesticides are produced domestically.

“Fertilizer consumption is also about 3 million tons, more than 2.6 million of which produced domestically,” he said.

Australia -Wintulichs Metwursts – Food products with the potential for microbial contamination may cause illness if consumed.

FSANZ

Product information

Wintulichs Pty Ltd is conducting a recall of Metwurst Garlic 300g, 375g, 500g, 700g, Metwurst Plain 700g and Metwurst Pepperoni 375g. The products have been available for sale at Woolworths, IGA and independent stores in SA.

Date markings

Use By 080420

Problem

The recall is due to other (incorrect ph and water activity levels leading to potential microbial contamination).

Food safety hazard

Food products with the potential for microbial contamination may cause illness if consumed.

Country of origin

Australia

What to do​

Consumers should not eat these products and return them to the place of purchase for a full refund.

For further information please contact:

Wintulichs Pty Ltd

​08 8522 2100

www.wintulichs.com

Related links:

RASFF Alerts – Animal Feed – Salmonella – Raw Petfoods – Dog Chews – Complementary Feed for Puppies- Horse Meal Mix

RASFF-Logo

RASFF – Salmonella enterica ser. Typhimurium (presence /25g) and too high count of Enterobacteriaceae (>30000 CFU/g) in raw petfood from the Netherlands in Belgium

RASFF – Salmonella (presence /25g) in dog chews (dried boar ears) from Poland in Poland

RASFF – Salmonella (presence /25g) in complementary feed for dog puppies from Germany in Germany

RASFF – Salmonella (presence /25g) in horse meal mix from Mexico in the Netherlands

Research -The microbes in your gut could predict whether you’re likely to die in the next 15 years

Science Mag

The microbes in our guts have been linked to everything from arthritis to autism. Now, scientists say they can even tell us about our future health. Two new studies find that our “microbiome”—the mix of microbes in our gut—can reveal the presence of many diseases better than our own genes can—and can even anticipate our risk of dying within the next 15 years.

“I am hopeful and enthusiastic that the community will reach a point where we’re able to develop microbiome-based therapeutics and diagnostics,” says Samuel Minot, a microbiome researcher at Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center who was not involved in the research. “I think that this is within the realm of possibility.”

In the first study, researchers reviewed 47 studies looking at associations between the collective genomes of the gut microbes and 13 common diseases. These included schizophrenia, hypertension, and asthma—all of which are considered “complex” because they are caused by both environmental and genetic factors. They then compared these studies with 24 genome-wide association (GWA) studies, which correlate specific human genetic variants with diseases.

Overall, the genetic signature of gut microbes was 20% better at discriminating between a healthy and an ill person than a person’s own genes, the team reports in a paper posted this month on the preprint server bioRxiv.