Category Archives: Decontamination Microbial

New Zealand – Don’t contaminate your plate this summer – be a Chicken Scene Investigator – Campylobacter

MPI

It would be a crime for your whānau and friends to come down with foodborne illness this festive season – so New Zealand Food Safety and the Chicken Scene Investigators have got your back.

“Each year, over our summer, there is a rise in cases of foodborne illness and hospitalisations,” says New Zealand Food Safety deputy director-general Vincent Arbuckle.

“The most commonly reported illness is campylobacteriosis – caused by Campylobacter bacteria – with our youngest and oldest having the highest rates of infection.

“There were 5,729 confirmed cases of campylobacteriosis in 2021, with 846 people needing hospital treatment, up from 718 in 2020. And 2022 looks set to follow a similar trajectory, with more than 5,300 cases nationally so far.

“The most common source of Campylobacter from food is raw or undercooked chicken.

“So, one big thing you can do this festive season to keep your whānau and friends healthy is to make sure you handle raw chicken safely. Cook it properly and use separate utensils and chopping boards, and, as with all food, don’t leave it out in the heat of the day, both before cooking and after you’ve finished eating.”

To help you with this, New Zealand Food Safety today launches a new food safety campaign. In a series of videos, our 2 Chicken Scene Investigators invite you to join them to spot the chicken-handling crime.

“Campylobacteriosis symptoms are nasty. They include diarrhoea, fever, headache, muscle aches, abdominal pain, and vomiting. It may also develop into more severe illness such as Guillain-Barré Syndrome, a disorder in which the body’s immune system attacks its nerves, sometimes resulting in permanent paralysis,” says Mr Arbuckle.

If you have symptoms, you can call Healthline for free anytime on 0800 61 11 16, or contact your doctor or practice nurse for advice.

“So, wherever you’re gathering – from BBQs to work do, beach parties to kai at the marae, Christmas lunch or potluck dinner – make sure you don’t contaminate your plate this summer.”

Te Whatu Ora medical officer of health Jay Harrower adds: “Every year thousands of people are diagnosed as being infected with Campylobacter, and for some it can be very serious. Across New Zealand Campylobacter cases are spiking once again this summer, but there are simple steps everyone can take to reduce the risk to them and their whānau.”

Chicken Scene Investigator tips to keep your whānau and friends safe:

  • Keep your raw chicken separate from ready-to-eat and fresh foods, using separate chopping boards, plates, and utensils. Alternatively, wash them properly with hot soapy water before using for other foods.
  • Don’t wash the chicken. Rinsing it will just spread the bacteria to other surfaces. Pat it dry with a paper towel instead, if needed.
  • Wash your hands in warm soapy water after handling raw chicken.
  • Make sure the chicken is fully cooked before serving – it can’t be pink and the juices should run clear. Or use a meat thermometer, if you have one, to ensure the chicken is steaming hot (over 75°C) all the way through.
  • Use a different plate for raw and cooked chicken.
  • If in doubt, clean surfaces and utensils some more, cook your chicken some more.

Safe barbecuing of food

Campylobacter infection: symptoms and advice

Watch the Chicken Scene Investigators on YouTube

The tea towel (15 seconds) 

The knife (15 seconds) 

Image

Food Safety at Christmas

France – Nestlé allowed to restart pizza plant linked to deadly E. coli outbreak

Food Safety News

Nestlé has been given permission to partially reopen a plant in France where pizzas behind a serious E. coli outbreak were made.

French officials from the Nord area of the country in the Hauts-de-France region gave the green light this past week for operations to restart at the Buitoni factory in Caudry.

Approval only applies to production of pizzas with cooked dough. The line making pizzas with no re-baking of dough, such as the Fraîch’Up range, will not restart yet.

Fraîch’Up frozen pizzas were the source of the largest E. coli-HUS outbreak ever documented in France. 

One element of the plan to restart has included the dismantling and cleaning of 19,000 parts on the production line.

England – Differential impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on laboratory reporting of Norovirus and Campylobacter in England: A modelling approach

PLOS One

CDC Campy

The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted surveillance activities for multiple pathogens. Since March 2020, there was a decline in the number of reports of norovirus and Campylobacter recorded by England’s national laboratory surveillance system. The aim is to estimate and compare the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on norovirus and Campylobacter surveillance data in England.

Denmark – Outbreak of invasive Listeria infection sequence type 7 in Denmark caused by fish meatballs

SSI

Between mid-August and December 2022, the Statens Serum Institut has registered 11 cases of Listeria monocytogenes . The Statens Serum Institut, the Danish Food Agency and the Danish Food Institute DTU have investigated the disease outbreak and identified fish cakes as the source.

About the disease outbreak

Between mid-August and December 2022, the Statens Serum Institut registered 11 people who are infected with the same type of Listeria monocytogenes (figure 1). Among the sick are 4 men and 7 women. In relation to age, there is one child and 10 adults (median age is 77). The patients are infected throughout the country (table 1). Interviews with six patients showed that all had eaten fish cakes.

Number of cases of Listeria monocytogenes sequence type 7 in Denmark per week, 2022 (n=11)

Table 1. Patients with the same type of Listeria monocytogenes in Denmark, August to December 2022, per region (n=11)

Region

Number of patients

The capital  4
Central Jutland 2
Northern Jutland 0
Zealand 2
Southern Denmark 3
Total 11

The investigation of the outbreak

The outbreak is handled by the Central Outbreak Group, which consists of SSI, the Danish Veterinary and Food Administration and the DTU Food Institute. SSI stands for whole-genome sequencing of listeria isolates from the patients and interviews with patients or relatives with a view to identifying a possible source of infection. The outbreak investigation showed that fish meatballs were the cause of the disease outbreak. The fish meatballs were recalled from stores on November 8, 2022.

The outbreak strain

The bacteria is of the type Listeria monocytogenes . By whole-genome sequencing of the Listeria monocytogenes bacteria isolated from the patients, it can be seen that they are very closely related and belong to sequence type 7.

USA – FDA Advises Restaurants and Retailers Not to Serve or Sell and Consumers Not to Eat Product Labeled as Sun Hong Foods, Inc. Enoki Mushrooms Sourced from China Due to Possible Listeria Contamination

FDA

December 17, 2022

Audience

  • Restaurants and food retailers that have received Sun Hong Foods Inc. enoki mushrooms sourced from China.
  • Consumers, especially those who are or could become pregnant, the elderly, and persons with weakened immune systems, who have recently consumed enoki mushrooms labeled as Sun Hong Food, Inc. product sourced from China.

Product

  • Product is labeled as Sun Hong Foods Inc, (Montebello, CA) enoki mushrooms sourced from China.

Purpose

  • The U.S. Food and Drug Administration is advising consumers not to eat, restaurants and food retailers not to sell, and to dispose of product labeled as Sun Hong Foods Inc. enoki mushrooms sourced from China due to possible contamination with Listeria monocytogenes.

Summary of Problem and Scope

  • On November 28, 2022, Missouri state partners, as a part of the FDA-funded Laboratory Flexible Funding Model Cooperative Agreement Program collected enoki mushroom samples from retail markets in Missouri. One sample labeled as Sun Hong Foods Inc, (Montebello, CA) and sourced from China tested positive for Listeria monocytogenes, but does not appear to match any clinical isolates from active outbreaks.

FDA Actions

  • The FDA is issuing this alert advising consumers to not eat and restaurants and food retailers to not sell Sun Hong Foods Inc. enoki mushrooms sourced from China due to possible Listeria monocytogenes contamination. FDA is also advising consumers, restaurants and food retailers to dispose of Sun Hong Foods Inc. enoki mushrooms sourced from China.
  • The FDA is awaiting information on further interstate distribution of the enoki mushrooms and will continue to monitor the investigation and provide assistance to state authorities as needed.

Symptoms of Listeriosis

There are a range of symptoms for listeriosis. Depending on the severity of the illness, symptoms may last from days to several weeks. Mild symptoms may include a fever, muscle aches, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. If the more severe form of listeriosis develops, symptoms may include headache, stiff neck, confusion, loss of balance, and convulsions. For the very young, the elderly, and the immune-compromised listeriosis can result in death.

People infected with L. monocytogenes may start to see symptoms in a few hours or as long as two to three days after eating contaminated food. More severe forms of listeriosis may take anywhere from three days to three months to develop.

Listeriosis can be particularly dangerous for pregnant women and their newborn babies, leading to serious complications with their pregnancy, including miscarriage and stillbirth. Babies born with a listeriosis infection may develop severe health complications that require immediate medical attention, lead to lifelong health problems, or result in death. Women who suspect they have symptoms of listeriosis (muscles aches, nausea, stiffness in neck, headaches, etc.) should seek medical care immediately and tell their health provider what they ate. Learn more about People at Risk of Foodborne Illness.

Due to the range in severity of illness, people should consult their health care provider if they suspect that they have developed symptoms that resemble a(n) L. monocytogenes infection.

Additional Information 

Research – Life and death of an ‘altruistic’ bacterium

Science Daily

Biofilms, complex communities of bacteria, abound around us: on the surface of cheese where they give off flavors and aromas, in streams where they form the slimy substance on rocks, on our teeth where they form plaque.

Living in a biofilm provides numerous advantages to bacteria: things like resource sharing, shelter from predators, and increased resistance to toxic compounds such as antibiotics.

But having the option to leave the biofilm when environmental conditions deteriorate can be a plus for bacteria, too, allowing them to relocate to a more hospitable environment.

”For the bacterium Caulobacter crescentus, the biofilm becomes a kind of prison in perpetuity: once cells are attached to a surface through a strong adhesive at one end of the cell, they cannot leave the biofilm,” said Yves Brun, a professor in the Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology at Université de Montréal.

”However, when these attached cells divide, their unattached ‘daughter’ cells have a choice of joining the biofilm or swimming away.”

Research -Microbial safety and sanitary quality of strawberry primary production in Belgium: risk factors for Salmonella and Shiga toxin producing Escherichia coli (STEC) contamination.

PDF

ABSTRACT

Strawberries are an important fruit in Belgium both in production and consumption, but little information is available about the presence of Salmonella and STEC in these berries, the risk factors in agricultural production and possible specific mitigation options.

In 2012, a survey was undertaken of three soil and three soilless cultivation systems in Belgium.

No Salmonella spp. was isolated. No STEC was detected in the strawberry samples (0 out of 72), but STEC was detected by qPCR in 11 out of 78 irrigation water and 2 out of 24 substrate samples.

Culture isolates were obtained for 2 out of 11 qPCR positive irrigation water samples and 2 out of 2 substrate samples. Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed elevated generic E. coli numbers (odds ratio (OR) for 1 log increase being 4.6) as the most important risk factor for STEC, together with the berry picking season (elevated risk in summer).

Presence of generic E. coli in the irrigation water (≥ 1 cfu per 100 ml) was mainly influenced by the type of irrigation water (collected rainfall water stored in ponds was more often contaminated than ground water pumped from boreholes (OR = 5.8)) and the lack of prior treatment (untreated water versus water subjected to sand filtration prior to use (OR = 19.2)).

The follow-up study in 2013 at one of the producers indicated cattle as the most likely source of STEC contamination of the irrigation water.

Research – An outbreak of Cryptosporidium parvum linked to pasteurised milk from a vending machine in England: a descriptive study, March 2021

Cambridge Org

We describe the investigations and management of a Cryptosporidium parvum outbreak of linked to consumption of pasteurised milk from a vending machine. Multiple locus variable number of tandem repeats analysis was newly used, confirming that C. parvum detected in human cases was indistinguishable from that in a calf on the farm. This strengthened the evidence for milk from an on-farm vending machine as the source of the outbreak because of post-pasteurisation contamination. Bacteriological indicators of post-pasteurisation contamination persisted after the initial hygiene improvement notice. We propose that on-farm milk vending machines may represent an emerging public health risk.

Research -Quantitative microbiological risk assessment of traditional food of animal origin produced in short supply chains in Poland

EFSA

Abstract

Polish raw-milk cheeses produced in short supply chains may pose a threat to consumer safety due to pathogen presence. Listeria monocytogenes is a bacterium of great importance for the food safety of refrigerated RTE foods due to its ability to grow at refrigeration temperatures.

During the EU-FORA fellowship, a stochastic risk assessment was designed and executed to estimate the risk for consumers from L. monocytogenes in these products. The aim was to develop a probabilistic QMRA model that would incorporate the variability and uncertainty of the model’s inputs such as prevalence, initial concentration levels, product intrinsic factors, domestic storage temperature and consumer behaviour. The project involved data collection and analysis, growth model selection, mathematical modelling and Monte Carlo analysis in R programming language.

Microbiological and physicochemical testing were carried out throughout the year on two types of cheeses in combination with a domestic refrigerator temperature survey and accompanying consumption questionnaire. Collected data were fitted to probability distributions using R. The appropriate growth model for the pathogen was selected based on an inoculation study performed on one of the raw-milk cheeses and the chosen mathematical model was written into the R script developed for the QMRA. The dose–response model used the ingested dose calculated from the modelled concentration of L. monocytogenes at the time of consumption and the single serving size from the questionnaire to estimate the probability of illness. The final risk was expressed as probability of listeriosis for Polish consumers per serving of raw-milk cheese.