Category Archives: Virus

Research – Norovirus Vaccines: Current Clinical Development and Challenges

MDPI

Noroviruses are the major viral pathogens causing epidemic and endemic acute gastroenteritis with significant morbidity and mortality. While vaccines against norovirus diseases have been shown to be of high significance, the development of a broadly effective norovirus vaccine remains difficult, owing to the wide genetic and antigenic diversity of noroviruses with multiple co-circulated variants of various genotypes. In addition, the absence of a robust cell culture system, an efficient animal model, and reliable immune markers of norovirus protection for vaccine evaluation further hinders the developmental process. Among the vaccine candidates that are currently under clinical studies, recombinant VP1-based virus-like particles (VLPs) that mimic major antigenic features of noroviruses are the common ones, with proven safety, immunogenicity, and protective efficacy, supporting a high success likelihood of a useful norovirus vaccine. This short article reviews the recent progress in norovirus vaccine development, focusing on those from recent clinical studies, as well as summarizes the barriers that are being encountered in this developmental process and discusses issues of future perspective. View Full-Text

USA – Hepatitis A risk at KFC in Hudson North Carolina

Food Poison Journal

The State of North Carolina notified Caldwell County this late afternoon about a confirmed case of Hepatitis A in an individual who works at KFC in Hudson.

According to state guidelines, transmission to patrons is unlikely, so vaccination for restaurant patrons is not recommended at this time.

“We are working closely with the restaurant, the State of North Carolina, and the CDC to ensure the health and safety of our community,” said Anna Martin, Caldwell County Public Health Director.

The individual diagnosed with Hepatitis A is being treated. Individuals who came in close contact with the patient have been notified.

The nation is experiencing a large Hepatitis A outbreak, and everyone is encouraged to check their Hepatitis A vaccination status. Anyone who wishes to be vaccinated for Hepatitis A can call the Caldwell County Health Department at 828-426-8400 for a vaccination appointment. The Health Department is open Monday through Friday 8 a.m.-5 p.m.

USA – Pittsburgh School Closed Monday Due To Possible Norovirus Outbreak

ibtimes

Norovirus Food Safety kswfoodworld

The illness at Pittsburgh Carmalt is “most likely” norovirus, the Pittsburgh Public Schools said on its website. The cases were reported among students, as well as staff.

Norovirus is “very contagious” and can cause the infected individuals to experience symptoms such as vomiting and diarrhea, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) noted. In fact, norovirus has also been called the “winter vomiting bug.”

“Anyone” is susceptible to getting infected and falling ill with norovirus, the agency explained. This can be through having direct contact with someone who is infected, eating contaminated food or simply by touching contaminated surfaces and then putting unwashed hands in the mouth.

The affected school will be closed Monday to make way for thorough cleaning and “prevent further student and staff infections.” The classes will resume Tuesday.

UK – Emergency closure at South Shore Academy after ‘highly infectious’ norovirus outbreak

Blackpool Gazette

A South Shore secondary school was ordered to close by Blackpool Council after a ‘highly infectious’ norovirus outbreak there.

A letter from head teacher Rebecca Warhurst read: “Due to a highly infectious sickness and diarrhoea outbreak, which is likely to be norovirus, Public Health have advised to close the school with immediate effect in order to break the infection cycle.

RASFF Alert- Foodborne outbreak with Hepatitis A virus – Frozen Raspberries

RASFF

Foodborne outbreak with Hepatitis A virus suspected caused by frozen raspberries from Poland and Bulgaria in Norway and the Netherlands

USA – Provigo Grocery Sushi in Montreal May Be Contaminated with Hepatitis A

Food Poisoning Bulletin

Provigo grocery sushi in Montreal may be contaminated with hepatitis A, according to news reports quoting Montreal Public Health. That store is located at 6600 Saint-Jacques street in Montreal’s Notre-Dame-de-Grâce neighborhood.

The sushi products were made between November 17 and 20, 2021 and November 24 and 25, 2021. While the risk of transmission is low, this virus is quite contagious. People can get sick through person to person contact, through touching contaminated surfaces, and by eating contaminated food.

Norway – Imported frozen raspberries probable source of Hepatitis A outbreak

Outbreak News Today

The source of infection for the national outbreak of hepatitis A was probably imported, frozen raspberries. This is shown by the investigation that the Norwegian Food Safety Authority and the Norwegian Institute of Public Health have carried out in connection with the outbreak, which is now considered over.

The outbreak of hepatitis A lasted from April to October this year and involved 20 infected people.

Tracing of the source shows that the raspberries are probably no longer on the market. The outbreak is therefore considered over, says senior adviser Heidi Lange at the National Institute of Public Health (NIPH).

India – 4 more norovirus cases in Thrissur

The Hindu

Norovirus Food Safety kswfoodworld

Four more cases of norovirus were reported from a college in Thrissur on Tuesday. The infection was reported in four day scholars of the college.

Though 57 cases have been reported from the college earlier, they were in college hostels. The Health Department has asked the college authorities to make the classes online.

According to preliminary investigation, the infection spread from the drinking water distributed in the hostel.

China – Dozens of college students sickened with norovirus in Guangdong Province

Outbreak News Today

Eurofins

In Guangdong Province in southern China, hundreds of students at the Guangzhou Vocational and Technical University of Science and Technology have been stricken with symptoms including stomachache, diarrhea, vomiting and fever.

The university reported on Tuesday that 315 students suffered from symptoms including stomachache, diarrhea, vomiting and fever with 24 being preliminarily diagnosed as having contracting Norovirus as of  Tuesday morning.

An investigation reveals the sick students dined at various venues including seven canteens inside the campus and several restaurants outside the campus.

USA – Starbucks Hepatitis A

Food Poisoning Bulletin

The Camden County Health Department has been notified by a health care provider that a food handler employed at a Starbucks at 1490 Blackwood Clementon Road in Gloucester Township tested positive for hepatitis A and worked through the infectious period.

On Wednesday, Nov. 17, the Department of Health was notified that a patient tested positive for hepatitis A and an investigation was instantly commissioned. Members of the Food Surveillance Unit visited the store on Wednesday and conducted an inspection, which showed no evidence of food safety violations. Based on the ongoing investigation the store was closed for operation and was not reopened until all the employees were vaccinated.