Category Archives: Microbiology

Research -New Monoclonal Antibody Treatment Takes Aim at Bacterial Biofilms

Contagion Live

Microbial biofilms can present a variety of medical challenges by generating chronic infections, modulating host immune response, contaminating medical devices or environments, and facilitating the emergence of antimicrobial resistance.

Investigators at the Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University have shown that a new monoclonal antibody treatment is able to break apart these communities of harmful bacteria, which could aid existing antibiotic treatments in more efficiently clearing out infections. Their research was published in Nature Communications.

The investigators tested a human monoclonal antibody with pan-amyloid-binding activity, mAb 3H3, against biofilms formed by Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium.

The antibody was isolated from a healthy human subject. The study team was interested in 3H3’s ability to attach to β-amyloid.

New Zealand – New Zealand Food Safety sets significant new goal to reduce foodborne Campylobacter by 20 per cent by 2025

MPI

campy2

Image CDC

Deputy director-general for New Zealand Food Safety Bryan Wilson announced today a new goal to significantly reduce foodborne Campylobacter poisoning by 20% by 2025.

Campylobacter is the most common cause of notifiable foodborne illness in New Zealand. Symptoms can include stomach cramps, nausea, fever and diarrhoea, lasting for about a week.

“Contributing factors are Kiwis’ ever-increasing level of consumption of fresh chicken meat and the way we handle, prepare and cook poultry meat in New Zealand.

“Working with the poultry industry, New Zealand Food Safety’s risk management strategy has achieved more than a 50% reduction in foodborne cases since 2006. This is a substantial reduction and one that we could not have achieved without partnership and support from industry. But, the rate of gastrointestinal illness caused by this bug remains high,” says Mr Wilson.

“New Zealand Food Safety and industry continue to work collaboratively to reduce Campylobacter rates in the country with an updated strategy and action plan that includes enhanced consumer education, better hygiene through the poultry processing and food distribution chain, and improved measures at the poultry farm level,” says Mr Wilson.

New Zealand Food Safety commissioned the study to add a high level of scientific rigour to efforts to reduce foodborne illnesses, and the findings of the study Source assigned campylobacteriosis in New Zealand were also released today.

The results from the study found more than 80% of human foodborne cases are likely due to the consumption of poultry meat.

“The intensive 12-month study included interviews with 666 individuals who’d been infected with the bug.

“As well as identifying the sources of Campylobacter illnesses in humans, the study identified several factors that may increase the likelihood of an individual contracting the disease.

“We’ll continue our work with industry to drive down the level of Campylobacter in poultry by understanding where the bacteria enter the food chain and where cross-contamination is likely happening.

“It’s important consumers know how to prevent Campylobacter in the home by continuing to follow the advice on the New Zealand Food Safety web page Clean, Cook, Chill.

“Cooking chicken properly until the juices run clear and having good hygiene practises at home to prevent cross-contamination will minimise your risk to Campylobacter and other foodborne illnesses,” says Mr Wilson.

Source Assigned Campylobacteriosis in New Zealand Study (SACNZS) – Report [PDF, 5.4 MB]

Find out more about Campylobacter

Clean, Cook, Chill

Research – Bacteria killed by new light-activated coating

Science Daily

To stop the spread of disease, it could be used to coat phone screens and keyboards, as well as the inside of catheters and breathing tubes, which are a major source of healthcare-associated infections (HCAIs).

The most well known HCAIs are caused by Clostridioides difficile (C. difficile), methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Escherichia coli (E. coli). They commonly occur during in-patient medical or surgical treatment, or from visiting a healthcare setting and pose a serious health threat, making them a key priority for the NHS to address*.

The research, published today in Nature Communications, is the first to show a light activated antimicrobial coating successfully killing bacteria in low intensity, ambient light (300 Lux), such as that found in wards and waiting rooms. Previously, similar coatings needed intense light (3,000 Lux), like that found in operating theatres, to activate their killing properties.

The new bactericidal coating is made of tiny clusters of chemically modified gold embedded in a polymer with crystal violet — a dye with antibacterial and antifungal properties.

 

Australia – Microbial recalls up but overall alerts down in Australia

Food Safety News

Undeclared allergens and microbial contamination were responsible for the majority of recalls in Australia this past year.

Undeclared allergens caused 32 of the 87 recalls in 2019 while 30 were due to microbial contamination. In 2018, 46 recalls were because of allergens and 20 due to microbial contamination out of 100.

Food Standards Australia New Zealand (FSANZ) collects data on Australian food recalls so trends can be identified as well as common problems in the industry.

Recalls are classified by FSANZ under microbial contamination, labelling, foreign matter, chemical/other contaminants, undeclared allergen, biotoxin and other.

Undeclared allergen and microbial recalls up
Between January 2010 and December 2019, FSANZ coordinated 707 recalls. The average per year for the last 10 years is 71.

The type mostly associated with a recall is mixed and/or processed food but this is likely due to the range in this category, including most long-life packaged food and manufactured items with multiple ingredients. Breads and bakery products, including biscuits, cakes and pastries, is the second largest type associated with recalls.

 

RASFF Alerts – Animal Feed – Salmonella – Dog Chews (dried tripe) – Organic Soyabean Cake – Soybean Meal

RASFF-Logo

RASFF – Salmonella enterica ser. Newport (presence /25g) and Salmonella enterica ser. Typhimurium (presence /25g) in dog chews (dried tripes) from India in Germany

RASFF – Salmonella enterica ser. Tennessee (presence /25g) in organic soybean cake from China in Germany

RASFF – Salmonella enterica ser. Liverpool (presence /25g) and Salmonella enterica ser. Senftenberg (presence /25g) in soybean meal from Germany in Finland

Research – Biofilm-inhibition activities of fractions of Senna Siamea (LAM) Irwin & Barneby leaf against Escherichia coli

Academic Journals ecoli

Escherichia coli has carved its niche in the urinary tract with the formation of a formidable matrix called biofilm. This biofilm is not only recalcitrant to the body’s immune system but also resistant to antibacterial agents. Senna siamea (Lam) Irwin and Barneby is a medicinal plant with established antibacterial effect against planktonic cells of many bacteria. An attempt was made herein to evaluate the effect of its leaf extract and fractions on biofilm of E. coli isolates. Crude extracts of leaf, stem bark and root of this plant were prepared using ethanol as the solvent for the cold extraction. Phytochemical screening was carried out on the three extracts. Two E. coli strains from different antenatal patients attending General Hospital, Kafanchan, Kaduna were donated to us by a researcher from Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria and the reference strain, E. coli, WDCM 00013 (from Germany) were tested for biofilm production using the Congo red method. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of the crude extracts against the isolates was carried out using the agar diffusion method. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and the Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) were determined for the leaf extract of the plant using micro broth dilution and agar diffusion methods respectively. In order to establish the antibiofilm activities of the leaf extract of the plant, sub-inhibitory concentrations (sub-MIC) were used against the test isolates in the remaining assays in the work. Column chromatography backed by thin layer chromatography (TLC) was used to fractionate leaf extract (having the best antibacterial activity) of the plant, using different ratios of a combination of hexane, ethyl acetate and n-butanol as fractionating solvents. MIC and MBC of the leaf extract were and 50 mg/ml respectively. High values of percentage biofilm inhibition were observed against all the bacterial isolates from the antibiofilm assay. Combination of solvents in the increasing order of polarity enhanced the antibiofilm activity of the various fractions of the leaf extract of Senna siamea. In conclusion, further fractionation of Senna siamea leaf extract increases its antibiofilm activities.

Research – As warming waters make shellfish toxic, a way of life becomes deadly for Native Alaskans.

Grist org

This summer, independent shellfish testing sites all over the state reported spikes in toxin levels, possibly related to the historic high temperatures in the water surrounding Alaska. And those warming waters are creating the ideal conditions for the algae that produce the toxin to propagate year-round, some researchers say.

Research – Campylobacter chicken liver outbreak adds to evidence of risk

Food Safety News

campy2

Image CDC

Researchers have called for increased awareness to reduce the risk of Campylobacter outbreaks linked to incorrectly cooked chicken liver dishes.

Communication from food safety and public health authorities may be required. Any strategy should ensure the risk profile of poultry liver-containing dishes is raised and availability of evidence-based preventative strategies for food preparation promoted, according to the study published in the journal Epidemiology and Infection.

There were 19 people who got campylobacteriosis linked to an outbreak in England 2016; seven confirmed and 12 probable cases. Chicken liver pâté was most strongly associated with illness. Three cases reported an incubation period of less than 24 hours, consistent with other outbreaks of campylobacteriosis associated with poultry liver.

Diversorium Ltd., the company which owned and operated the Downe Arms, a hotel in Wykeham near Scarborough, was fined £8,000 ($10,300) in November 2017 for two food hygiene related offences related to the outbreak.

Research -Foodborne Illness Pathogens And Fecal Contaminants Found On New Disposable Gloves

Yahoo Finance

New results of microbial testing of the surfaces of unused disposable gloves, in association with Eagle Protect PBC, have found bacterial genera and species specific to foodborne illnesses (FBI), food spoilage and skin infections. Strains of these microorganisms of concern were present on new and unused disposable gloves currently being used in the US food industry, and in some cases as medical exam gloves. Twenty-five (25) different brands of gloves were analyzed, providing specific profiles in respect to their manufacturing standards, or lack thereof. Food, dermal and respiratory pathogens as well as spoilage species were linked to the use of polluted water sources; sewage (fecal pollution); and human and animal gut bacteria introduced into glove production environments.

 

Research -Salmonella phage study underway on Kenyan poultry farms

Wattagenet

The use of bacteriophages to kill Salmonella in poultry flocks is currently being investigated in Kenya. The work, driven by concerns about antibiotic overuse and antibiotic resistance, should result in a commercially available product aligned to local needs and offering an alternative to antibiotics.

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