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Research – Inactivation of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella and Native Microbiota on Fresh Strawberries by Antimicrobial Washing and Coating

Journal of Food Protection

Antimicrobial washing (AW), antimicrobial coating (AC), and a combination of washing followed by coating (AW+AC) were evaluated for their ability to inactivate artificially inoculated foodborne pathogens and native microbiota on strawberries stored at 4°C. Strawberries were inoculated with a six-strain composite of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella; treated by AW, AC, or AW+AC; and stored at 4°C for 3 weeks. The washing solution contained 90 ppm of peracetic acid, and the coating solution consisted of chitosan (1%, w/v), allyl isothiocyanate (1%, v/v), and corn-bio fiber gum (5%, w/v). The effectiveness of the antimicrobial treatments against E. coli O157:H7 and Salmonella pathogens and native microflora on strawberries and their impact on fruit quality (appearance, weight loss, color, and firmness) were determined. By the end of storage, pathogen populations on strawberries were 2.5 (AW+AC), 2.9 (AC), 3.8 (AW), and 4.2 log CFU for the positive (untreated) control. AW+AC treatments also inactivated the greatest population of native microflora, followed by the AC treatment alone. AW+AC treatments showed additional antimicrobial effectiveness against these two pathogens and native microflora. Both AW+AC and AC treatments preserved the color, texture, and appearance of strawberries throughout storage. The coating treatments (AW+AC and AC alone) further reduced the loss of moisture throughout storage. The AW treatment was the least effective in reducing populations of pathogens and native microflora and in maintaining the quality of strawberries throughout storage. This study demonstrates a method to improve the microbiological safety, shelf life, and quality of strawberries.

Research – FSA report on Campylobacter, antimicrobial resistance

Poultry World

Campylobacter in poultry and the ongoing battle on antimicrobial resistance were two of the key issues raised in this year’s Food Standards Agency annual report, published this week.

Heather Hancock, FSA chair, said one of the great successes in recent years had been its work in tackling campylobacter and that the agency had invited Professor Sir Charles Godfray to commission a restatement of the evidence base underpinning its understanding.

This is being taken forward by Matthew Goddard, professor of population and evolutionary biology at Lincoln University: “We expect this restatement to be published later this year. We will use it to judge any further measures need to understand or tackle campylobacter risks from food, and it will help set the context for the ways we tackle other threats to public health.”

Jason Feeney, FSA chief executive, added that factors outside the control of the FSA or the industry, such as climatic conditions, could have a significant impact, not fully understood on the prevalence of campylobacter.

 

But he praised the continuing efforts made by the main retailers and processors – accounting for around 80% of whole fresh UK-produced chickens – in reducing the levels of campylobacter on their chickens, describing it as “not insignificant and are likely to be associated with a reduced risk to consumers.”

The FSA, he added, remain committed to reducing the levels of campylobacter on all UK produced chickens but the focus on the retail survey would move to smaller retailers, independent traders and market stalls supplied by small processors, which go into catering.

Denmark – Homemade food responsible for botulism outbreak in Denmark

Food Safety News 

 

An outbreak of foodborne botulism in Denmark, with six confirmed cases, has been linked to a homemade dish served at a private party in June.

Fødevarestyrelsen (Danish Veterinary and Food Administration) said a sample from the homemade dish was positive with botulinum toxin type A. The same type was identified in the patients.

All six confirmed infections and one possible case attended a private party in Danish town Sønderborg in June and were later hospitalized. DVFA said investigations are ongoing to find out how the toxin developed in the dish.

Statens Serum Institut (SSI), an agency under the Danish Ministry of Health, confirmed the diagnosis in patients. A statement from DVFA reported the agency took samples for analysis from leftovers at the private households involved.

“Since it was a homemade dish served at a private party, it is outside of our jurisdiction to take action. With homemade dishes, it is very hard to fully investigate, since we don’t have the same data as with in a professional kitchen,” the agency told Food Safety News.

Ireland- Increase in food poisoning cases

Irish Health 

 

People are being urged to take extra care when handling and preparing food as there has been an increase in E.coli infections in recent weeks.

E.coli is a bacterium that lives in the intestines of healthy humans and animals. Verocytotoxigenic Escherichia coli (VTEC) is a particular type of E.coli that lives in the gut of healthy sheep and cattle. VTEC is a common cause of food poisoning, which can lead to symptoms such as bloody diarrhoea and abdominal cramps.

While patients usually recover within five to 10 days, some people, especially young children and older people, can suffer a complication called haemolytic uraemic syndrome (HUS), in which the red blood cells are destroyed and the kidneys fail. This happens in 5-8% of cases.

According to the Health Protection Surveillance Centre (HPSC), almost 100 cases of VTEC have been notified over the last 10 days, which is three times higher than the figure for this time last year.

It is reminding people of the importance of always washing your hands before and after handling food, and always washing fruit and vegetables before consuming.

It is also reminding people of the importance of ensuring that minced meats are cooked all the way through.

“Eating meat, especially minced beef, that has not been thoroughly cooked all the way through to kill these VTEC bugs can cause food poisoning. Therefore, to ensure that minced meat burgers are safe to eat, they should be cooked to a core temperature of 75°C.

“VTEC can also be found in the stools of an infected person and can be passed from person to person if hygiene or hand-washing habits are inadequate. This is particularly common among toddlers who are not toilet trained. Family members and playmates of these children are at high risk of becoming infected,” the HPSC said.

According to the HSE’s assistant national director of public health, Dr Kevin Kelleher, while investigations have not identified a specific reason for the increase in VTEC infections, the current good weather probably has a role to play.

“We would like to remind people to be careful about food safety during this heatwave to protect themselves against food poisoning. This hot weather provides the right conditions for bacteria such as VTEC to grow and multiply on foods, which can lead to high numbers of cases of food poisoning in adults and children.

“Not washing hands after handling raw meat, not washing fruits and vegetables and undercooking minced meats, such as beef burgers, are common ways of getting food poisoning at this time of year,” he commented.

The HPSC and Safefood recommends four simple steps to reduce the risk of food poisoning:

-Clean – always wash your hands before and after preparing, handling and eating food, after using the toilet or after playing with animals
-Cook – make sure that food is cooked all the way through in order to destroy any harmful bacteria that might be present
-Chill – keep food cool in order to prevent bad bacteria from growing. Make sure that your fridge is at the correct temperature to keep cold foods chilled (5°C or below)
-Separate – to prevent cross-contamination, always separate raw and cooked foods during storage and cooking and never let raw food, for example raw meat, come into contact with ready-to-eat foods, such as salads.

UAE- Takeaway meals cause food poisoning in summer, warn doctors in UAE

Khaleej Times

Doctors in the UAE are urging people to avoid takeaway meals and food deliveries in summer, warning that takeouts have caused a huge rise in food poisoning cases in emergency departments across the country.

Dr Zeyad Mansour, general practitioner, emergency department at Bareen International Hospital, said food poisoning has led to a whopping 70 per cent of all patients admitted to emergency departments in the summer.

“We advise people to avoid deliveries and takeaways, which are the most common causes of food poisoning in summer. We see a great rise in cases of food poisoning during summer. It has become the top cause of patients being admitted to the emergency room,” he added.

Dr Mansour said the viral or bacterial infection is one of the most common causes of illness among young people in particular.

“It causes the person to become severely dehydrated and will therefore need to be admitted to the hospital for treatment.” He urged people to avoid takeaway meals as well as places that serve meals that are prepared in large quantities, including buffets.

UK – Warning to alfresco diners after food poisoning rises in heatwave

The Times

People taking advantage of the hot weather to cook and eat outdoors were told yesterday to take extra care amid a sharp increase in the number of cases of E. coli.

Householders were also reminded to ensure food was being kept in adequate conditions.

A total of 96 VTEC E. coli infections have been recorded in the past ten days, more than three times higher than recorded at the same time last year. VTEC are a type of E. coli that can live in the gut of healthy cattle and sheep. The bacteria are a common cause of food poisoning which can lead to serious complications.

Hong Kong – Risk of Eating Raw Foods

CFS Food Safety Focus

In April 2018, the Centre for Food Safety (CFS) received notification from the European Commission (EC) that raw oysters harvested from an area in France were found to be contaminated with norovirus: the second time that a similar incident notificd notification in this year. Also in April, there were also recalls of eggs, raw milk cheese, and romaine lettuce due to the contamination with Salmonella or Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC). These incidents illustrate that raw or undercooked food carries an inherent food safety risk.

CFS announces food safety report for May

The Centre for Food Safety (CFS) of the Food and Environmental Hygiene Department today (June 29) released the findings of its food safety report for last month. The results of about 13,700 food samples tested were satisfactory except for seven samples. The overall satisfactory rate was 99.9 per cent.

A CFS spokesman said about 1,800 food samples were collected for microbiological tests, some 4,000 samples were taken for chemical tests and the remaining 7,900 (including about 7,500 taken from food imported from Japan) were collected to test radiation levels.

The microbiological tests covered pathogens and hygienic indicators, while the chemical tests included pesticides, preservatives, metallic contaminants, colouring matters, veterinary drug residues and others.

The samples comprised about 3,600 samples of vegetables and fruit and their products; 800 samples of meat and poultry and their products; 1,700 samples of aquatic and related products; 1,200 samples of milk, milk products and frozen confections; 900 samples of cereals, grains and their products; and 5,500 samples of other food commodities (including beverages, bakery products and snacks).

The seven unsatisfactory samples comprised three vegetable and fruit samples detected with pesticide residues exceeding the legal limits; two fresh beef samples found to contain a preservative, sulphur dioxide; a popsicle sample detected with coliform bacteria exceeding the legal limit; and a sample of rice with barbecued pork and duck found to contain Salmonella.

The CFS has taken follow-up action on the unsatisfactory samples, including informing the vendors concerned of the test results, instructing them to stop selling the affected food items and tracing the sources of the food items in question.

Since the Pesticide Residues in Food Regulation (Cap 132CM) came into effect on August 1, 2014, as of May 31 this year, the CFS has taken over 144,500 food samples at the import, wholesale and retail levels for testing for pesticide residues. The overall unsatisfactory rate is less than 0.2 per cent.

The spokesman added that excessive pesticide residues in food may arise from the trade not observing Good Agricultural Practice, e.g. using excessive pesticides and/or not allowing sufficient time for pesticides to decompose before harvesting. The maximum residue limits (MRLs) of pesticide residues in food set in the Regulation are not safety indicators. They are the maximum concentrations of pesticide residues to be permitted in a food commodity under Good Agricultural Practice when applying pesticides. In this connection, consumption of food with pesticide residues higher than the MRLs will not necessarily lead to any adverse health effects.

The spokesman also reminded the food trade to ensure that food for sale is fit for human consumption and meets legal requirements. Consumers should patronise reliable shops when buying food and maintain a balanced diet to minimise food risks.

Ends/Friday, June 29, 2018

 

Research – Foods, fish and Salmonellosis

African Journal of Microbiology 

 

Foodborne diseases are those caused by the consumption of water and food contaminated by different causal agents such as: viruses, bacteria, parasites, toxins, among others, being considered an important public health problem global due to its incidence and mortality and for several years for the isolation of microorganisms that cause these diseases resistant to antimicrobials. Salmonella species is considered a food pathogen frequently responsible for infectious outbreaks through the consumption of contaminated food, also presenting resistance to different antimicrobials. Fishery products are recognized as an important source of food, nutrition, income and a source of livelihood for a large part of the world’s population. However, fish is also considered to be a vehicle that transmits different pathogens (Salmonella spp., Shigella species, Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes among others) mainly due to inadequate hygiene practices along the food chain. The purpose of this article is to show in a general way a perspective of foodborne diseases, specifically those caused by bacteria of the genus Salmonella spp., through fish such as tilapia, the control and prevention measures of these pathogens in food, the phenomenon of resistance to antimicrobials by these bacteria isolated in food and fish around the world that exacerbates the problem in food safety and public health.

USA – Charlotte: Dozens seek medical care for Shigella linked to birthday party cookout

Outbreak News Today 220px-Shigella_stool

Mecklenburg County, NC health officials say that nearly half of the 100 attendees of an East Charlotte cookout last weekend have sought medical care for “complaints of stomach problems”.

Research – Disease burden and cost-of-illness of food-related pathogens in the Netherlands

RIVM

Each year, RIVM presents an update on the number of illnesses caused by 14 enteric pathogens (such as Salmonella, Campylobacter or Listeria) that can be transmitted by food into the human body. This food-related disease burden is expressed in Disability Adjusted Life Year (DALY), an internationally used measure for the sum of the Years Lost due to Disability (YLD) and the Years of Life Lost (YLL) due to premature mortality in a population. The number of DALYs due to the 14 pathogens is estimated at 4,200 in 2017, which is lower than in 2016 (4,700 DALY’s).

 

In addition to this disease burden, the cost-of-illness (COI) related to the 14 food-related pathogens was estimated. These include healthcare costs, but also the costs for the patient and or his family, such as travel expenses. Costs in other sectors, for example due to work absence, were also included. The costs associated with the 14 pathogens transmitted to people by food amounted to 163 million euros. This is less than the cost in 2016 (173 million euros).

Different exposure routes

The investigated pathogens are transmitted to humans not only by food (about 40 percent), but also via the environment (for example, surface water), animals, and human to human. The relative contribution of the various exposure routes differ by pathogen. The total disease burden of all routes is estimated at 11,000 DALYs, which is lower than in 2016 (12,000 DALYs). The total COI caused by the 14 pathogens is estimated at 391 million euros, which was lower than in 2016 (436 million). The differences in DALYs and COI are largely due to fluctuations in the type of infections that occur, the burden of disease they cause and the varying costs per infection.