Category Archives: Uncategorized

Hepatitis A Information/Guide

Food Poisoning Journal

Exposure to the hepatitis A virus can cause an acute infection of the liver that is typically mild and resolves on its own. The symptoms and duration of illness vary a great deal, with many persons showing no symptoms at all.Fever and jaundice are two of the symptoms most commonly associated with a hepatitis A infection.

Hepatitis A is much more common in countries with underdeveloped sanitation systems and, thus, is a risk in most of the world. An increased transmission rate is seen in all countries other than the United States, Canada, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, and the countries of Western Europe.  Nevertheless, infections continue to occur in the United States, where approximately one-third of the population has been previously infected with HAV.

FDA – Recall Cold Smoked Salmon – Listeria monocytogenes

FDA

Salmolux of Federal Way, WA is recalling its cold smoked salmon products because it has the potential to be contaminated with Listeria monocytogenes, an organism which can cause serious and sometimes fatal infections in young children, frail or elderly people, and others with weakened immune systems. Although healthy individuals may suffer only short-term symptoms such as high fever, severe headache, stiffness, nausea, abdominal pain and diarrhea, Listeria infection can cause miscarriages and stillbirths among pregnant women.

No illnesses have been reported.

Research – Campylobacter in Chicken Embryo’s

Poultry SiteEGGS

US – Evidence of Campylobacter has been found in all the seven-day-old chick embryos tested by researchers with the USDA Agricultural Research Service (ARS).

Campylobacter, a foodborne pathogen closely associated with poultry, is recognised as a leading bacterial aetiological agent of human gastroenteritis in the United States.

In a paper published in Poultry Science, Kelli Hiett and colleagues at USDA ARS Richard B. Russell Research Center in Athens, Georgia, report two trials in which tissues from seven-, 14/15- and 19-day-old commercial broiler chicken embryos were tested for the presence of Campylobacter using both culturing methodology and PCR.

Conventional culturing methods failed to detect Campylobacter from any samples tested during this investigation.

RASFF Alerts – Salmonella – Beef – Chicken

RASFF – Salmonella typhimurium (iin 1 out of 4 samples) in beef quarters with raw material from Slovakia, via Poland

RASFF – Salmonella enteritidis in chicken meat from Poland, with raw material from the Czech Republic in Poland

RASFF -Aflatoxin – Ochratoxin -Groundnuts – Peanuts – Pistachio -Raisins

RASFF – Ochratoxin A (18.8 µg/kg – ppb) in dried red Kiishmishi raisins from Afghanistan in the UK

RASFF – Aflatoxins (B1 = 18.1; Tot. = 20.5 / B1 = 1.0; Tot. = 1.5 µg/kg – ppb) in pistachio nuts with shell from Iran in France

RASFF – Aflatoxins (B1 = 12; Tot. = 15 µg/kg – ppb) in groundnut kernels from China in the Netherlands

RASFF – Aflatoxins (B1 = 2.6; Tot. = 10 µg/kg – ppb) in groundnuts from Brazil in the Netherlands

RASFF – Aflatoxins (B1 = 6.1 µg/kg – ppb) in groundnuts from Egypt in the Netherlands

RASFF – Aflatoxins (B1 = 2.9; Tot. = 13 µg/kg – ppb) in peanut kernels from China in Greece

RASFF – Aflatoxins (B1 = 4.2; Tot. = 15 µg/kg – ppb) in groundnuts from Argentina in the Netherlands

RASFF Alerts – Aflatoxin – Groundnuts

RASFF – Aflatoxins (Tot. = 7.5 µg/kg – ppb) in groundnuts from China in the Netherlands

RASFF Alerts – Salmonella – Sesame Seeds – Poultry – Curcuma

RASFF – Salmonella Agona (present /25g) in hulled sesame seeds from India in Greece

RASFF – Salmonella enteritidis (presence /25g) in frozen poultry meat manufactured in Poland, with raw material from Slovakia In Poland

RASFF – Salmonella Agona (2 out of 5 samples /25g) in frozen whole chicken (gallus gallus) from Thailand in Italy

RASFF – Salmonella Jerusalem (in 2 out of 5 samples) in curcuma from Germany in the Netherlands

Research – Combatting Antibiotic Resistance

Science Daily

Antibiotic resistance is a global problem. The World Health Organisation (WHO) estimates that for tuberculosis alone multi-drug resistance accounts for more than 150,000 deaths each year. WHO warns of “a doomsday scenario of a world without antibiotics,” in which antibiotic resistance will turn common infections into incurable killers and make routine surgeries a high-risk gamble.

Certain types of bacteria are a scourge of the hospital environment because they are extremely resistant to antibiotics and consequently difficult, if not impossible, to treat. This group of bacteria is classified as ‘gram-negative’ because their cells have a double membrane or outer layer, compared with gram-positive bacteria, which just have one outer layer.

Since the antibiotic is an interfering agent, many of these pathogenic bacteria use the membrane pumps to transport the medication out of the cell.

“By investigating how these pumps function, we have been able to identify the molecular events that are involved in binding and transporting an antibiotic from the cell. This advance in our understanding will ultimately aid the development of ‘pump blockers’. This is important because these pumps often confer resistance to multiple, structurally unrelated, drugs; which means that they could also be resistant to new drugs which have never been used before.”

USA – FDA Recall Bird Foods – Salmonella

FDASalm

Merit Bird Company, LLC of Chatsworth, California is recalling the following items with lot codes; Vitae Cockatiel with Sunflower 2lbs, (#2840081), Vitae Cockatiel with Sunflower 4lbs, (#2840090), Vitae Small Hookbill 4lbs, (#2840225), Vitae Small Hookbill 20lbs, (#2840234), Vitae Hookbill with Sunflower 4lbs, (#2840252), Vitae Large Hookbill 4lbs, (#2840279) shipped between May 2012 to February 2013, because it has the potential to be contaminated with Salmonella, an organism which can cause serious and sometimes fatal infections in young children, frail or elderly people, and others with weakened immune systems.

Healthy people infected with Salmonella should monitor themselves for some or all of the following symptoms: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea or bloody diarrhea, abdominal cramping and fever. Rarely, Salmonella can result in more serious ailments, including arterial infections, endocarditis, arthritis, muscle pain, eye irritation, and urinary tract symptoms. Consumers exhibiting these signs after having contact with this product should contact their healthcare providers.

Animals with Salmonella infections may be lethargic and have diarrhea or bloody diarrhea, fever, and vomiting. Some animals will have only decreased appetite, fever and abdominal pain. Infected but otherwise healthy animals can be carriers and infect other animals or humans. If your animals have consumed the recalled product and have these symptoms, please contact your veterinarian. “Vitae bird food was distributed through Southern California retail pet stores.

The bags in question are packaged in a factory sealed plastic bag or a white bulk bag for the 20# size.

No illnesses have been reported to date.

This recall was the result of a routine testing performed by Specialty Commodities, which revealed that the finished products, which include parsley that is on recall from Specialty Commodities, contain Salmonella. The company has ceased the production and distribution of the product as FDA and the company continue their investigation as to what caused the problem.

RASFF Alerts – Histamine – Smoked Tuna – Sardines

RASFF – Histamine (4946; 4899; 4644 mg/kg – ppm) in chilled smoked tuna (thunnus albacares) from Spain in Italy

RASFF – Histamine (230 <=> 477 mg/kg – ppm) in sardines fillets in oil (Sardinella aurita) from Tunisia in Italy