According to the European Environment Agency, increasing global sea surface temperature (SST) is one of the main physical impacts of climate change. SST in European coastal seas has increased 4–7 times faster than in the oceans over the past decades. This local increase in SST has been linked to outbreaks of Vibrio -associated human illness caused by non-O1/non-O1 Vibrio cholerae39 , V. parahaemolyticus and V. vulnificus in several European countries.
Climate change has also created new ocean currents that favour the spread of vibrios. Inadequate transport and storage of fish and fishery products over long distances, the same sea waters used by ships as ballast and aquaculture all contribute to their expansion. Travellers and animals also play a role. For example, migratory birds can act as vectors for the intercontinental transport of V. cholerae . Once introduced into a new region, they become endemic. Vibrio spp. and mainly the species V. parahaemolyticus and V. vulnificus , have been identified by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) as biological hazards with a high probability of becoming emerging in the near future in Europe.
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