Tag Archives: videogames

New Zealand – Food Outlet 9 Cases Salmonella Infantis

The New Zealand Herald Salmonella

An unnamed Northland food outlet is being investigated over nine confirmed cases of a rare type of Salmonella. In the past few weeks, Northland District Health Board has found a total of eleven cases of the food poisoning, which has been identified as salmonella infantis.

The Board’s medical officer Clair Mills says it was odd to have a cluster all at once and in a region where this type of bug is uncommon. She says nine of the eleven people had eaten at the same outlet in Whangarei.

“So then of course we look further at the premise and we take samples from food and we take stool samples from staff.”

Play the Game – CDC iPAD Outbreak Detective

CDC iPad-STO-sm

Scientists and gamers alike can now play disease detective,  through “Solve the Outbreak,” a new iPad app from the Centers for Disease  Control and Prevention. The app lets users assume the role of a disease  outbreak investigator in the agency’s Epidemic Intelligence Service (EIS) by  navigating three fictional outbreaks based on real-life events. Users get  clues, review data, and make decisions to determine the cause of the outbreak.

“The goal is to use new technology to  provide an  engaging, interactive way for users to learn how CDC solves outbreaks, thereby  increasing general knowledge about real-life public health issues,” said CDC  Director Dr. Tom Frieden. “This application allows us to illustrate the  challenges of solving outbreaks and how our disease detectives work on the  front lines to save lives and protect people 24/7.”

In the game, participants also become familiar with health  tips, definitions and information about epidemiology, which is a science used to investigate outbreaks and to  monitor patterns, causes and effects of diseases on the public. Users  advance in rank as they earn points and can post their results on Facebook and  Twitter to challenge other participants.

“This is a great learning tool for science teachers, teens,  young adults, public health enthusiasts and mystery lovers,” said Carol  Crawford, branch chief, CDC’s Electronic Media Branch.  “The three  introductory scenarios are based on actual events EIS officers have  solved.  We also plan to add new outbreak cases.”

Research – Bacillus cereus Enterotoxin Testing

Liebert Open Acesss

Currently, three commercial kits for Bacillus cereus enterotoxins Nhe and/or Hbl detection are available, namely, the Bacillus diarrheal enterotoxin visual immunoassay (BDE VIA™) kit (3M Tecra), B. cereus enterotoxin reversed passive latex agglutination (BCET-RPLA) kit (Oxoid), and the Duopath® Cereus Enterotoxins (Merck). The performance of the kits and their applicability to gastrointestinal simulation samples were evaluated. Then, the stability and production of enterotoxins Hbl and Nhe under gastrointestinal conditions were investigated. Enterotoxin production was absent or impaired at acidic pH, i.e., in gastric medium with pH 5.0 and lasagne verde with pH 5.5. B. cereus did produce enterotoxins Nhe and Hbl during anaerobic growth in intestinal medium at pH 7.0, but the toxins were instantly degraded by the enzymes in the host’s digestive secretions. Preformed enterotoxins did not withstand gastrointestinal passage under the simulated conditions, which suggests that preformed enterotoxins in food do not contribute to the diarrheal food poisoning syndrome. In conclusion, diarrhea is probably caused by de novo enterotoxin production by B. cereus cells located closely to the host’s intestinal epithelium.